using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using StardewModdingAPI.Events;
using StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Content;
using StardewModdingAPI.Framework.ContentManagers;
using StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection;
using StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Utilities;
using StardewModdingAPI.Internal;
using StardewModdingAPI.Metadata;
using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Serialization;
using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Utilities;
using StardewModdingAPI.Toolkit.Utilities.PathLookups;
using StardewValley;
using StardewValley.GameData;
using xTile;

namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework
{
    /// <summary>The central logic for creating content managers, invalidating caches, and propagating asset changes.</summary>
    internal class ContentCoordinator : IDisposable
    {
        /*********
        ** Fields
        *********/
        /// <summary>An asset key prefix for assets from SMAPI mod folders.</summary>
        private readonly string ManagedPrefix = "SMAPI";

        /// <summary>Get a file lookup for the given directory.</summary>
        private readonly Func<string, IFileLookup> GetFileLookup;

        /// <summary>Encapsulates monitoring and logging.</summary>
        private readonly IMonitor Monitor;

        /// <summary>Provides metadata for core game assets.</summary>
        private readonly CoreAssetPropagator CoreAssets;

        /// <summary>Simplifies access to private code.</summary>
        private readonly Reflector Reflection;

        /// <summary>Encapsulates SMAPI's JSON file parsing.</summary>
        private readonly JsonHelper JsonHelper;

        /// <summary>A callback to invoke the first time *any* game content manager loads an asset.</summary>
        private readonly Action OnLoadingFirstAsset;

        /// <summary>A callback to invoke when an asset is fully loaded.</summary>
        private readonly Action<BaseContentManager, IAssetName> OnAssetLoaded;

        /// <summary>A callback to invoke when any asset names have been invalidated from the cache.</summary>
        private readonly Action<IList<IAssetName>> OnAssetsInvalidated;

        /// <summary>Get the load/edit operations to apply to an asset by querying registered <see cref="IContentEvents.AssetRequested"/> event handlers.</summary>
        private readonly Func<IAssetInfo, IList<AssetOperationGroup>> RequestAssetOperations;

        /// <summary>The loaded content managers (including the <see cref="MainContentManager"/>).</summary>
        private readonly List<IContentManager> ContentManagers = new();

        /// <summary>Whether the content coordinator has been disposed.</summary>
        private bool IsDisposed;

        /// <summary>A lock used to prevent asynchronous changes to the content manager list.</summary>
        /// <remarks>The game may add content managers in asynchronous threads (e.g. when populating the load screen).</remarks>
        private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim ContentManagerLock = new();

        /// <summary>A cache of ordered tilesheet IDs used by vanilla maps.</summary>
        private readonly Dictionary<string, TilesheetReference[]?> VanillaTilesheets = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

        /// <summary>An unmodified content manager which doesn't intercept assets, used to compare asset data.</summary>
        private readonly LocalizedContentManager VanillaContentManager;

        /// <summary>The language enum values indexed by locale code.</summary>
        private Lazy<Dictionary<string, LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode>> LocaleCodes;

        /// <summary>The cached asset load/edit operations to apply, indexed by asset name.</summary>
        private readonly TickCacheDictionary<IAssetName, AssetOperationGroup[]> AssetOperationsByKey = new();

        /// <summary>A cache of asset operation groups created for legacy <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> implementations.</summary>
        [Obsolete]
        private readonly Dictionary<IAssetLoader, Dictionary<Type, AssetOperationGroup>> LegacyLoaderCache = new(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);

        /// <summary>A cache of asset operation groups created for legacy <see cref="IAssetEditor"/> implementations.</summary>
        [Obsolete]
        private readonly Dictionary<IAssetEditor, Dictionary<Type, AssetOperationGroup>> LegacyEditorCache = new(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);


        /*********
        ** Accessors
        *********/
        /// <summary>The primary content manager used for most assets.</summary>
        public GameContentManager MainContentManager { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>The current language as a constant.</summary>
        public LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode Language => this.MainContentManager.Language;

        /// <summary>Interceptors which provide the initial versions of matching assets.</summary>
        [Obsolete]
        public IList<ModLinked<IAssetLoader>> Loaders { get; } = new List<ModLinked<IAssetLoader>>();

        /// <summary>Interceptors which edit matching assets after they're loaded.</summary>
        [Obsolete]
        public IList<ModLinked<IAssetEditor>> Editors { get; } = new List<ModLinked<IAssetEditor>>();

        /// <summary>The absolute path to the <see cref="ContentManager.RootDirectory"/>.</summary>
        public string FullRootDirectory { get; }


        /*********
        ** Public methods
        *********/
        /// <summary>Construct an instance.</summary>
        /// <param name="serviceProvider">The service provider to use to locate services.</param>
        /// <param name="rootDirectory">The root directory to search for content.</param>
        /// <param name="currentCulture">The current culture for which to localize content.</param>
        /// <param name="monitor">Encapsulates monitoring and logging.</param>
        /// <param name="reflection">Simplifies access to private code.</param>
        /// <param name="jsonHelper">Encapsulates SMAPI's JSON file parsing.</param>
        /// <param name="onLoadingFirstAsset">A callback to invoke the first time *any* game content manager loads an asset.</param>
        /// <param name="onAssetLoaded">A callback to invoke when an asset is fully loaded.</param>
        /// <param name="getFileLookup">Get a file lookup for the given directory.</param>
        /// <param name="onAssetsInvalidated">A callback to invoke when any asset names have been invalidated from the cache.</param>
        /// <param name="requestAssetOperations">Get the load/edit operations to apply to an asset by querying registered <see cref="IContentEvents.AssetRequested"/> event handlers.</param>
        public ContentCoordinator(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, string rootDirectory, CultureInfo currentCulture, IMonitor monitor, Reflector reflection, JsonHelper jsonHelper, Action onLoadingFirstAsset, Action<BaseContentManager, IAssetName> onAssetLoaded, Func<string, IFileLookup> getFileLookup, Action<IList<IAssetName>> onAssetsInvalidated, Func<IAssetInfo, IList<AssetOperationGroup>> requestAssetOperations)
        {
            this.GetFileLookup = getFileLookup;
            this.Monitor = monitor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(monitor));
            this.Reflection = reflection;
            this.JsonHelper = jsonHelper;
            this.OnLoadingFirstAsset = onLoadingFirstAsset;
            this.OnAssetLoaded = onAssetLoaded;
            this.OnAssetsInvalidated = onAssetsInvalidated;
            this.RequestAssetOperations = requestAssetOperations;
            this.FullRootDirectory = Path.Combine(Constants.GamePath, rootDirectory);
            this.ContentManagers.Add(
                this.MainContentManager = new GameContentManager(
                    name: "Game1.content",
                    serviceProvider: serviceProvider,
                    rootDirectory: rootDirectory,
                    currentCulture: currentCulture,
                    coordinator: this,
                    monitor: monitor,
                    reflection: reflection,
                    onDisposing: this.OnDisposing,
                    onLoadingFirstAsset: onLoadingFirstAsset,
                    onAssetLoaded: onAssetLoaded
                )
            );
            this.VanillaContentManager = new LocalizedContentManager(serviceProvider, rootDirectory);
            this.CoreAssets = new CoreAssetPropagator(this.MainContentManager, this.Monitor, reflection, name => this.ParseAssetName(name, allowLocales: true));
            this.LocaleCodes = new Lazy<Dictionary<string, LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode>>(() => this.GetLocaleCodes(customLanguages: Enumerable.Empty<ModLanguage>()));
        }

        /// <summary>Get a new content manager which handles reading files from the game content folder with support for interception.</summary>
        /// <param name="name">A name for the mod manager. Not guaranteed to be unique.</param>
        public GameContentManager CreateGameContentManager(string name)
        {
            return this.ContentManagerLock.InWriteLock(() =>
            {
                GameContentManager manager = new(
                    name: name,
                    serviceProvider: this.MainContentManager.ServiceProvider,
                    rootDirectory: this.MainContentManager.RootDirectory,
                    currentCulture: this.MainContentManager.CurrentCulture,
                    coordinator: this,
                    monitor: this.Monitor,
                    reflection: this.Reflection,
                    onDisposing: this.OnDisposing,
                    onLoadingFirstAsset: this.OnLoadingFirstAsset,
                    onAssetLoaded: this.OnAssetLoaded
                );
                this.ContentManagers.Add(manager);
                return manager;
            });
        }

        /// <summary>Get a new content manager which handles reading files from a SMAPI mod folder with support for unpacked files.</summary>
        /// <param name="name">A name for the mod manager. Not guaranteed to be unique.</param>
        /// <param name="modName">The mod display name to show in errors.</param>
        /// <param name="rootDirectory">The root directory to search for content (or <c>null</c> for the default).</param>
        /// <param name="gameContentManager">The game content manager used for map tilesheets not provided by the mod.</param>
        public ModContentManager CreateModContentManager(string name, string modName, string rootDirectory, IContentManager gameContentManager)
        {
            return this.ContentManagerLock.InWriteLock(() =>
            {
                ModContentManager manager = new(
                    name: name,
                    gameContentManager: gameContentManager,
                    serviceProvider: this.MainContentManager.ServiceProvider,
                    rootDirectory: rootDirectory,
                    modName: modName,
                    currentCulture: this.MainContentManager.CurrentCulture,
                    coordinator: this,
                    monitor: this.Monitor,
                    reflection: this.Reflection,
                    jsonHelper: this.JsonHelper,
                    onDisposing: this.OnDisposing,
                    fileLookup: this.GetFileLookup(rootDirectory)
                );
                this.ContentManagers.Add(manager);
                return manager;
            });
        }

        /// <summary>Get the current content locale.</summary>
        public string GetLocale()
        {
            return this.MainContentManager.GetLocale(LocalizedContentManager.CurrentLanguageCode);
        }

        /// <summary>Perform any updates needed when the game loads custom languages from <c>Data/AdditionalLanguages</c>.</summary>
        public void OnAdditionalLanguagesInitialized()
        {
            // update locale cache for custom languages, and load it now (since languages added later won't work)
            var customLanguages = this.MainContentManager.Load<List<ModLanguage?>>("Data/AdditionalLanguages");
            this.LocaleCodes = new Lazy<Dictionary<string, LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode>>(() => this.GetLocaleCodes(customLanguages));
            _ = this.LocaleCodes.Value;
        }

        /// <summary>Perform any updates needed when the locale changes.</summary>
        public void OnLocaleChanged()
        {
            // reset baseline cache
            this.ContentManagerLock.InReadLock(() =>
            {
                this.VanillaContentManager.Unload();
            });
        }

        /// <summary>Clean up when the player is returning to the title screen.</summary>
        /// <remarks>This is called after the player returns to the title screen, but before <see cref="Game1.CleanupReturningToTitle"/> runs.</remarks>
        public void OnReturningToTitleScreen()
        {
            // The game clears LocalizedContentManager.localizedAssetNames after returning to the title screen. That
            // causes an inconsistency in the SMAPI asset cache, which leads to an edge case where assets already
            // provided by mods via IAssetLoader when playing in non-English are ignored.
            //
            // For example, let's say a mod provides the 'Data\mail' asset through IAssetLoader when playing in
            // Portuguese. Here's the normal load process after it's loaded:
            //   1. The game requests Data\mail.
            //   2. SMAPI sees that it's already cached, and calls LoadRaw to bypass asset interception.
            //   3. LoadRaw sees that there's a localized key mapping, and gets the mapped key.
            //   4. In this case "Data\mail" is mapped to "Data\mail" since it was loaded by a mod, so it loads that
            //      asset.
            //
            // When the game clears localizedAssetNames, that process goes wrong in step 4:
            //  3. LoadRaw sees that there's no localized key mapping *and* the locale is non-English, so it attempts
            //     to load from the localized key format.
            //  4. In this case that's 'Data\mail.pt-BR', so it successfully loads that asset.
            //  5. Since we've bypassed asset interception at this point, it's loaded directly from the base content
            //     manager without mod changes.
            //
            // To avoid issues, we just remove affected assets from the cache here so they'll be reloaded normally.
            // Note that we *must* propagate changes here, otherwise when mods invalidate the cache later to reapply
            // their changes, the assets won't be found in the cache so no changes will be propagated.
            if (LocalizedContentManager.CurrentLanguageCode != LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode.en)
                this.InvalidateCache((contentManager, _, _) => contentManager is GameContentManager);
        }

        /// <summary>Parse a raw asset name.</summary>
        /// <param name="rawName">The raw asset name to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="allowLocales">Whether to parse locales in the <paramref name="rawName"/>. If this is false, any locale codes in the name are treated as if they were part of the base name (e.g. for mod files).</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">The <paramref name="rawName"/> is null or empty.</exception>
        public AssetName ParseAssetName(string rawName, bool allowLocales)
        {
            return !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(rawName)
                ? AssetName.Parse(
                    rawName: rawName,
                    parseLocale: allowLocales
                        ? locale => this.LocaleCodes.Value.TryGetValue(locale, out LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode langCode) ? langCode : null
                        : _ => null
                )
                : throw new ArgumentException("The asset name can't be null or empty.", nameof(rawName));
        }

        /// <summary>Get whether this asset is mapped to a mod folder.</summary>
        /// <param name="key">The asset name.</param>
        public bool IsManagedAssetKey(IAssetName key)
        {
            return key.StartsWith(this.ManagedPrefix);
        }

        /// <summary>Parse a managed SMAPI asset key which maps to a mod folder.</summary>
        /// <param name="key">The asset key.</param>
        /// <param name="contentManagerID">The unique name for the content manager which should load this asset.</param>
        /// <param name="relativePath">The asset name within the mod folder.</param>
        /// <returns>Returns whether the asset was parsed successfully.</returns>
        public bool TryParseManagedAssetKey(string key, [NotNullWhen(true)] out string? contentManagerID, [NotNullWhen(true)] out IAssetName? relativePath)
        {
            contentManagerID = null;
            relativePath = null;

            // not a managed asset
            if (!key.StartsWith(this.ManagedPrefix))
                return false;

            // parse
            string[] parts = PathUtilities.GetSegments(key, 3);
            if (parts.Length != 3) // managed key prefix, mod id, relative path
                return false;
            contentManagerID = Path.Combine(parts[0], parts[1]);
            relativePath = this.ParseAssetName(parts[2], allowLocales: false);
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>Get the managed asset key prefix for a mod.</summary>
        /// <param name="modID">The mod's unique ID.</param>
        public string GetManagedAssetPrefix(string modID)
        {
            return Path.Combine(this.ManagedPrefix, modID.ToLower());
        }

        /// <summary>Get whether an asset from a mod folder exists.</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The expected asset type.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="contentManagerID">The unique name for the content manager which should load this asset.</param>
        /// <param name="assetName">The asset name within the mod folder.</param>
        public bool DoesManagedAssetExist<T>(string contentManagerID, IAssetName assetName)
            where T : notnull
        {
            // get content manager
            IContentManager? contentManager = this.ContentManagerLock.InReadLock(() =>
                this.ContentManagers.FirstOrDefault(p => p.IsNamespaced && p.Name == contentManagerID)
            );
            if (contentManager == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"The '{contentManagerID}' prefix isn't handled by any mod.");

            // get whether the asset exists
            return contentManager.DoesAssetExist<T>(assetName);
        }

        /// <summary>Get a copy of an asset from a mod folder.</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The asset type.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="contentManagerID">The unique name for the content manager which should load this asset.</param>
        /// <param name="relativePath">The asset name within the mod folder.</param>
        public T LoadManagedAsset<T>(string contentManagerID, IAssetName relativePath)
            where T : notnull
        {
            // get content manager
            IContentManager? contentManager = this.ContentManagerLock.InReadLock(() =>
                this.ContentManagers.FirstOrDefault(p => p.IsNamespaced && p.Name == contentManagerID)
            );
            if (contentManager == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"The '{contentManagerID}' prefix isn't handled by any mod.");

            // get fresh asset
            return contentManager.LoadExact<T>(relativePath, useCache: false);
        }

        /// <summary>Purge matched assets from the cache.</summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">Matches the asset keys to invalidate.</param>
        /// <param name="dispose">Whether to dispose invalidated assets. This should only be <c>true</c> when they're being invalidated as part of a dispose, to avoid crashing the game.</param>
        /// <returns>Returns the invalidated asset keys.</returns>
        public IEnumerable<IAssetName> InvalidateCache(Func<IAssetInfo, bool> predicate, bool dispose = false)
        {
            string locale = this.GetLocale();
            return this.InvalidateCache((_, rawName, type) =>
            {
                IAssetName assetName = this.ParseAssetName(rawName, allowLocales: true);
                IAssetInfo info = new AssetInfo(locale, assetName, type, this.MainContentManager.AssertAndNormalizeAssetName);
                return predicate(info);
            }, dispose);
        }

        /// <summary>Purge matched assets from the cache.</summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">Matches the asset keys to invalidate.</param>
        /// <param name="dispose">Whether to dispose invalidated assets. This should only be <c>true</c> when they're being invalidated as part of a dispose, to avoid crashing the game.</param>
        /// <returns>Returns the invalidated asset names.</returns>
        public IEnumerable<IAssetName> InvalidateCache(Func<IContentManager, string, Type, bool> predicate, bool dispose = false)
        {
            // invalidate cache & track removed assets
            IDictionary<IAssetName, Type> invalidatedAssets = new Dictionary<IAssetName, Type>();
            this.ContentManagerLock.InReadLock(() =>
            {
                // cached assets
                foreach (IContentManager contentManager in this.ContentManagers)
                {
                    foreach ((string key, object asset) in contentManager.InvalidateCache((key, type) => predicate(contentManager, key, type), dispose))
                    {
                        AssetName assetName = this.ParseAssetName(key, allowLocales: true);
                        if (!invalidatedAssets.ContainsKey(assetName))
                            invalidatedAssets[assetName] = asset.GetType();
                    }
                }

                // special case: maps may be loaded through a temporary content manager that's removed while the map is still in use.
                // This notably affects the town and farmhouse maps.
                if (Game1.locations != null)
                {
                    foreach (GameLocation location in Game1.locations)
                    {
                        if (location.map == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(location.mapPath.Value))
                            continue;

                        // get map path
                        AssetName mapPath = this.ParseAssetName(this.MainContentManager.AssertAndNormalizeAssetName(location.mapPath.Value), allowLocales: true);
                        if (!invalidatedAssets.ContainsKey(mapPath) && predicate(this.MainContentManager, mapPath.Name, typeof(Map)))
                            invalidatedAssets[mapPath] = typeof(Map);
                    }
                }
            });

            // handle invalidation
            if (invalidatedAssets.Any())
            {
                // clear cached editor checks
                foreach (IAssetName name in invalidatedAssets.Keys)
                    this.AssetOperationsByKey.Remove(name);

                // raise event
                this.OnAssetsInvalidated(invalidatedAssets.Keys.ToArray());

                // propagate changes to the game
                this.CoreAssets.Propagate(
                    assets: invalidatedAssets.ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value),
                    ignoreWorld: Context.IsWorldFullyUnloaded,
                    out IDictionary<IAssetName, bool> propagated,
                    out bool updatedNpcWarps
                );

                // log summary
                StringBuilder report = new();
                {
                    IAssetName[] invalidatedKeys = invalidatedAssets.Keys.ToArray();
                    IAssetName[] propagatedKeys = propagated.Where(p => p.Value).Select(p => p.Key).ToArray();

                    string FormatKeyList(IEnumerable<IAssetName> keys) => string.Join(", ", keys.Select(p => p.Name).OrderBy(p => p, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

                    report.AppendLine($"Invalidated {invalidatedKeys.Length} asset names ({FormatKeyList(invalidatedKeys)}).");
                    report.AppendLine(propagated.Count > 0
                        ? $"Propagated {propagatedKeys.Length} core assets ({FormatKeyList(propagatedKeys)})."
                        : "Propagated 0 core assets."
                    );
                    if (updatedNpcWarps)
                        report.AppendLine("Updated NPC pathfinding cache.");
                }
                this.Monitor.Log(report.ToString().TrimEnd());
            }
            else
                this.Monitor.Log("Invalidated 0 cache entries.");

            return invalidatedAssets.Keys;
        }

        /// <summary>Get the asset load and edit operations to apply to a given asset if it's (re)loaded now.</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The asset type.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="info">The asset info to load or edit.</param>
        public IEnumerable<AssetOperationGroup> GetAssetOperations<T>(IAssetInfo info)
            where T : notnull
        {
            return this.AssetOperationsByKey.GetOrSet(
                info.Name,
                () => this.GetAssetOperationsWithoutCache<T>(info).ToArray()
            );
        }

        /// <summary>Get all loaded instances of an asset name.</summary>
        /// <param name="assetName">The asset name.</param>
        [SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "UnusedMember.Global", Justification = "This method is provided for Content Patcher.")]
        public IEnumerable<object> GetLoadedValues(IAssetName assetName)
        {
            return this.ContentManagerLock.InReadLock(() =>
            {
                List<object> values = new List<object>();
                foreach (IContentManager content in this.ContentManagers.Where(p => !p.IsNamespaced && p.IsLoaded(assetName)))
                {
                    object value = content.LoadExact<object>(assetName, useCache: true);
                    values.Add(value);
                }
                return values;
            });
        }

        /// <summary>Get the tilesheet ID order used by the unmodified version of a map asset.</summary>
        /// <param name="assetName">The asset path relative to the loader root directory, not including the <c>.xnb</c> extension.</param>
        public TilesheetReference[] GetVanillaTilesheetIds(string assetName)
        {
            if (!this.VanillaTilesheets.TryGetValue(assetName, out TilesheetReference[]? tilesheets))
            {
                tilesheets = this.TryLoadVanillaAsset(assetName, out Map? map)
                    ? map.TileSheets.Select((sheet, index) => new TilesheetReference(index, sheet.Id, sheet.ImageSource, sheet.SheetSize, sheet.TileSize)).ToArray()
                    : null;

                this.VanillaTilesheets[assetName] = tilesheets;
                this.VanillaContentManager.Unload();
            }

            return tilesheets ?? Array.Empty<TilesheetReference>();
        }

        /// <summary>Get the locale code which corresponds to a language enum (e.g. <c>fr-FR</c> given <see cref="LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode.fr"/>).</summary>
        /// <param name="language">The language enum to search.</param>
        public string? GetLocaleCode(LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode language)
        {
            if (language == LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode.mod && LocalizedContentManager.CurrentModLanguage == null)
                return null;

            return this.MainContentManager.LanguageCodeString(language);
        }

        /// <summary>Dispose held resources.</summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (this.IsDisposed)
                return;
            this.IsDisposed = true;

            this.Monitor.Log("Disposing the content coordinator. Content managers will no longer be usable after this point.");
            foreach (IContentManager contentManager in this.ContentManagers)
                contentManager.Dispose();
            this.ContentManagers.Clear();
            this.MainContentManager = null!; // instance no longer usable

            this.ContentManagerLock.Dispose();
        }


        /*********
        ** Private methods
        *********/
        /// <summary>A callback invoked when a content manager is disposed.</summary>
        /// <param name="contentManager">The content manager being disposed.</param>
        private void OnDisposing(IContentManager contentManager)
        {
            if (this.IsDisposed)
                return;

            this.ContentManagerLock.InWriteLock(() =>
                this.ContentManagers.Remove(contentManager)
            );
        }

        /// <summary>Get a vanilla asset without interception.</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of asset to load.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="assetName">The asset path relative to the loader root directory, not including the <c>.xnb</c> extension.</param>
        /// <param name="asset">The loaded asset data.</param>
        private bool TryLoadVanillaAsset<T>(string assetName, [NotNullWhen(true)] out T? asset)
            where T : notnull
        {
            try
            {
                asset = this.VanillaContentManager.Load<T>(assetName);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                asset = default;
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Get the language enums (like <see cref="LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode.ja"/>) indexed by locale code (like <c>ja-JP</c>).</summary>
        /// <param name="customLanguages">The custom languages to add to the lookup.</param>
        private Dictionary<string, LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode> GetLocaleCodes(IEnumerable<ModLanguage?> customLanguages)
        {
            var map = new Dictionary<string, LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

            // custom languages
            foreach (ModLanguage? language in customLanguages)
            {
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(language?.LanguageCode))
                    map[language.LanguageCode] = LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode.mod;
            }

            // vanilla languages (override custom language if they conflict)
            foreach (LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode code in Enum.GetValues(typeof(LocalizedContentManager.LanguageCode)))
            {
                string? locale = this.GetLocaleCode(code);
                if (locale != null)
                    map[locale] = code;
            }

            return map;
        }

        /// <summary>Get the asset load and edit operations to apply to a given asset if it's (re)loaded now, ignoring the <see cref="AssetOperationsByKey"/> cache.</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The asset type.</typeparam>
        /// <param name="info">The asset info to load or edit.</param>
        private IEnumerable<AssetOperationGroup> GetAssetOperationsWithoutCache<T>(IAssetInfo info)
            where T : notnull
        {
            IAssetInfo legacyInfo = this.GetLegacyAssetInfo(info);

            // new content API
            foreach (AssetOperationGroup group in this.RequestAssetOperations(info))
                yield return group;

            // legacy load operations
#pragma warning disable CS0612, CS0618 // deprecated code
            foreach (ModLinked<IAssetLoader> loader in this.Loaders)
            {
                // check if loader applies
                try
                {
                    if (!loader.Data.CanLoad<T>(legacyInfo))
                        continue;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    loader.Mod.LogAsMod($"Mod failed when checking whether it could load asset '{legacyInfo.Name}', and will be ignored. Error details:\n{ex.GetLogSummary()}", LogLevel.Error);
                    continue;
                }

                // add operation
                yield return this.GetOrCreateLegacyOperationGroup(
                    cache: this.LegacyLoaderCache,
                    editor: loader.Data,
                    dataType: info.DataType,
                    createGroup: () => new AssetOperationGroup(
                        mod: loader.Mod,
                        loadOperations: new[]
                        {
                            new AssetLoadOperation(
                                mod: loader.Mod,
                                priority: AssetLoadPriority.Exclusive,
                                onBehalfOf: null,
                                getData: assetInfo => loader.Data.Load<T>(
                                    this.GetLegacyAssetInfo(assetInfo)
                                )
                            )
                        },
                        editOperations: Array.Empty<AssetEditOperation>()
                    )
                );
            }

            // legacy edit operations
            foreach (var editor in this.Editors)
            {
                // check if editor applies
                try
                {
                    if (!editor.Data.CanEdit<T>(legacyInfo))
                        continue;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    editor.Mod.LogAsMod($"Mod crashed when checking whether it could edit asset '{legacyInfo.Name}', and will be ignored. Error details:\n{ex.GetLogSummary()}", LogLevel.Error);
                    continue;
                }

                // HACK
                //
                // If two editors have the same priority, they're applied in registration order (so
                // whichever was registered first is applied first). Mods often depend on this
                // behavior, like Json Assets registering its interceptors before Content Patcher.
                //
                // Unfortunately the old & new content APIs have separate lists, so new-API
                // interceptors always ran before old-API interceptors with the same priority,
                // regardless of the registration order *between* APIs. Since the new API works in
                // a fundamentally different way (i.e. loads/edits are defined on asset request
                // instead of by registering a global 'editor' or 'loader' class), there's no way
                // to track registration order between them.
                //
                // Until we drop the old content API in SMAPI 4.0.0, this sets the priority for
                // specific legacy editors to maintain compatibility.
                AssetEditPriority priority = editor.Data.GetType().FullName switch
                {
                    "JsonAssets.Framework.ContentInjector1" => AssetEditPriority.Default - 1, // must be applied before Content Patcher
                    _ => AssetEditPriority.Default
                };

                // add operation
                yield return this.GetOrCreateLegacyOperationGroup(
                    cache: this.LegacyEditorCache,
                    editor: editor.Data,
                    dataType: info.DataType,
                    createGroup: () => new AssetOperationGroup(
                        mod: editor.Mod,
                        loadOperations: Array.Empty<AssetLoadOperation>(),
                        editOperations: new[]
                        {
                            new AssetEditOperation(
                                mod: editor.Mod,
                                priority: priority,
                                onBehalfOf: null,
                                applyEdit: assetData => editor.Data.Edit<T>(
                                    this.GetLegacyAssetData(assetData)
                                )
                            )
                        }
                    )
                );
            }
#pragma warning restore CS0612, CS0618
        }

        /// <summary>Get a cached asset operation group for a legacy <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> or <see cref="IAssetEditor"/> instance, creating it if needed.</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TInterceptor">The editor type (one of <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> or <see cref="IAssetEditor"/>).</typeparam>
        /// <param name="cache">The cached operation groups for the interceptor type.</param>
        /// <param name="editor">The legacy asset interceptor.</param>
        /// <param name="dataType">The asset data type.</param>
        /// <param name="createGroup">Create the asset operation group if it's not cached yet.</param>
        private AssetOperationGroup GetOrCreateLegacyOperationGroup<TInterceptor>(Dictionary<TInterceptor, Dictionary<Type, AssetOperationGroup>> cache, TInterceptor editor, Type dataType, Func<AssetOperationGroup> createGroup)
            where TInterceptor : class
        {
            if (!cache.TryGetValue(editor, out Dictionary<Type, AssetOperationGroup>? cacheByType))
                cache[editor] = cacheByType = new Dictionary<Type, AssetOperationGroup>();

            if (!cacheByType.TryGetValue(dataType, out AssetOperationGroup? group))
                cacheByType[dataType] = group = createGroup();

            return group;
        }

        /// <summary>Get an asset info compatible with legacy <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> and <see cref="IAssetEditor"/> instances, which always expect the base name.</summary>
        /// <param name="asset">The asset info.</param>
        private IAssetInfo GetLegacyAssetInfo(IAssetInfo asset)
        {
            return new AssetInfo(
                locale: this.GetLegacyLocale(asset),
                assetName: this.GetLegacyAssetName(asset.Name),
                type: asset.DataType,
                getNormalizedPath: this.MainContentManager.AssertAndNormalizeAssetName
            );
        }

        /// <summary>Get an asset data compatible with legacy <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> and <see cref="IAssetEditor"/> instances, which always expect the base name.</summary>
        /// <param name="asset">The asset data.</param>
        private IAssetData GetLegacyAssetData(IAssetData asset)
        {
            return new AssetDataForObject(
                locale: this.GetLegacyLocale(asset),
                assetName: this.GetLegacyAssetName(asset.Name),
                data: asset.Data,
                getNormalizedPath: this.MainContentManager.AssertAndNormalizeAssetName,
                reflection: this.Reflection,
                onDataReplaced: asset.ReplaceWith
            );
        }

        /// <summary>Get the <see cref="IAssetInfo.Locale"/> value compatible with legacy <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> and <see cref="IAssetEditor"/> instances, which expect the locale to default to the current game locale or an empty string.</summary>
        /// <param name="asset">The non-legacy asset info to map.</param>
        private string GetLegacyLocale(IAssetInfo asset)
        {
            return asset.Locale ?? this.GetLocale();
        }

        /// <summary>Get an asset name compatible with legacy <see cref="IAssetLoader"/> and <see cref="IAssetEditor"/> instances, which always expect the base name.</summary>
        /// <param name="asset">The asset name to map.</param>
        /// <returns>Returns the legacy asset name if needed, or the <paramref name="asset"/> if no change is needed.</returns>
        private IAssetName GetLegacyAssetName(IAssetName asset)
        {
            // strip _international suffix
            const string internationalSuffix = "_international";
            if (asset.Name.EndsWith(internationalSuffix))
            {
                return new AssetName(
                    baseName: asset.Name[..^internationalSuffix.Length],
                    localeCode: null,
                    languageCode: null
                );
            }

            // else strip locale
            if (asset.LocaleCode != null)
                return new AssetName(asset.BaseName, null, null);

            // else no change needed
            return asset;
        }
    }
}