use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::os::fd::{AsFd, AsRawFd, FromRawFd, OwnedFd};
use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::{io, thread};

use libc::close_range;
use smithay::reexports::rustix;
use smithay::reexports::rustix::io::{close, read, retry_on_intr, write};
use smithay::reexports::rustix::pipe::{pipe_with, PipeFlags};

pub static REMOVE_ENV_RUST_BACKTRACE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
pub static REMOVE_ENV_RUST_LIB_BACKTRACE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);

/// Spawns the command to run independently of the compositor.
pub fn spawn<T: AsRef<OsStr> + Send + 'static>(command: Vec<T>) {
    let _span = tracy_client::span!();

    if command.is_empty() {
        return;
    }

    // Spawning and waiting takes some milliseconds, so do it in a thread.
    let res = thread::Builder::new()
        .name("Command Spawner".to_owned())
        .spawn(move || {
            let (command, args) = command.split_first().unwrap();
            spawn_sync(command, args);
        });

    if let Err(err) = res {
        warn!("error spawning a thread to spawn the command: {err:?}");
    }
}

fn spawn_sync(command: impl AsRef<OsStr>, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl AsRef<OsStr>>) {
    let _span = tracy_client::span!();

    let command = command.as_ref();

    let mut process = Command::new(command);
    process
        .args(args)
        .stdin(Stdio::null())
        .stdout(Stdio::null())
        .stderr(Stdio::null());

    // Remove RUST_BACKTRACE and RUST_LIB_BACKTRACE from the environment if needed.
    if REMOVE_ENV_RUST_BACKTRACE.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        process.env_remove("RUST_BACKTRACE");
    }
    if REMOVE_ENV_RUST_LIB_BACKTRACE.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        process.env_remove("RUST_LIB_BACKTRACE");
    }

    // When running as a systemd session, we want to put children into their own transient scopes
    // in order to separate them from the niri process. This is helpful for example to prevent the
    // OOM killer from taking down niri together with a misbehaving client.
    //
    // Putting a child into a scope is done by calling systemd's StartTransientUnit D-Bus method
    // with a PID. Unfortunately, there seems to be a race in systemd where if the child exits at
    // just the right time, the transient unit will be created but empty, so it will linger around
    // forever.
    //
    // To prevent this, we'll use our double-fork (done for a separate reason) to help. In our
    // intermediate child we will send back the grandchild PID, and in niri we will create a
    // transient scope with both our intermediate child and the grandchild PIDs set. Only then we
    // will signal our intermediate child to exit. This way, even if the grandchild exits quickly,
    // a non-empty scope will be created (with just our intermediate child), then cleaned up when
    // our intermediate child exits.

    // Make a pipe to receive the grandchild PID.
    let (pipe_pid_read, pipe_pid_write) = pipe_with(PipeFlags::CLOEXEC)
        .map_err(|err| {
            warn!("error creating a pipe to transfer child PID: {err:?}");
        })
        .ok()
        .unzip();
    // Make a pipe to wait in the intermediate child.
    let (pipe_wait_read, pipe_wait_write) = pipe_with(PipeFlags::CLOEXEC)
        .map_err(|err| {
            warn!("error creating a pipe for child to wait on: {err:?}");
        })
        .ok()
        .unzip();

    unsafe {
        // The fds will be duplicated after a fork and closed on exec or exit automatically. Get
        // the raw fd inside so that it's not closed any extra times.
        let mut pipe_pid_read_fd = pipe_pid_read.as_ref().map(|fd| fd.as_raw_fd());
        let mut pipe_pid_write_fd = pipe_pid_write.as_ref().map(|fd| fd.as_raw_fd());
        let mut pipe_wait_read_fd = pipe_wait_read.as_ref().map(|fd| fd.as_raw_fd());
        let mut pipe_wait_write_fd = pipe_wait_write.as_ref().map(|fd| fd.as_raw_fd());

        // Double-fork to avoid having to waitpid the child.
        process.pre_exec(move || {
            // Close FDs that we don't need. Especially important for the write ones to unblock the
            // readers.
            if let Some(fd) = pipe_pid_read_fd.take() {
                close(fd);
            }
            if let Some(fd) = pipe_wait_write_fd.take() {
                close(fd);
            }

            // Convert the our FDs to OwnedFd, which will close them in all of our fork paths.
            let pipe_pid_write = pipe_pid_write_fd.take().map(|fd| OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(fd));
            let pipe_wait_read = pipe_wait_read_fd.take().map(|fd| OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(fd));

            match libc::fork() {
                -1 => return Err(io::Error::last_os_error()),
                0 => (),
                grandchild_pid => {
                    // Send back the PID.
                    if let Some(pipe) = pipe_pid_write {
                        let _ = write_all(pipe, &grandchild_pid.to_ne_bytes());
                    }

                    // Wait until the parent signals us to exit.
                    if let Some(pipe) = pipe_wait_read {
                        // We're going to exit afterwards. Close all other FDs to allow
                        // Command::spawn() to return in the parent process.
                        let raw = pipe.as_raw_fd() as u32;
                        let _ = close_range(0, raw - 1, 0);
                        let _ = close_range(raw + 1, !0, 0);

                        let _ = read_all(pipe, &mut [0]);
                    }

                    libc::_exit(0)
                }
            }

            Ok(())
        });
    }

    let mut child = match process.spawn() {
        Ok(child) => child,
        Err(err) => {
            warn!("error spawning {command:?}: {err:?}");
            return;
        }
    };

    drop(pipe_pid_write);
    drop(pipe_wait_read);

    // Wait for the grandchild PID.
    if let Some(pipe) = pipe_pid_read {
        let mut buf = [0; 4];
        match read_all(pipe, &mut buf) {
            Ok(()) => {
                let pid = i32::from_ne_bytes(buf);
                trace!("spawned PID: {pid}");

                // Start a systemd scope for the grandchild.
                #[cfg(feature = "systemd")]
                if let Err(err) = start_systemd_scope(command, child.id(), pid as u32) {
                    trace!("error starting systemd scope for spawned command: {err:?}");
                }
            }
            Err(err) => {
                warn!("error reading child PID: {err:?}");
            }
        }
    }

    // Signal the intermediate child to exit now that we're done trying to creating a systemd scope.
    trace!("signaling child to exit");
    drop(pipe_wait_write);

    match child.wait() {
        Ok(status) => {
            if !status.success() {
                warn!("child did not exit successfully: {status:?}");
            }
        }
        Err(err) => {
            warn!("error waiting for child: {err:?}");
        }
    }
}

fn write_all(fd: impl AsFd, buf: &[u8]) -> rustix::io::Result<()> {
    let mut written = 0;
    loop {
        let n = retry_on_intr(|| write(&fd, &buf[written..]))?;
        if n == 0 {
            return Err(rustix::io::Errno::CANCELED);
        }

        written += n;
        if written == buf.len() {
            return Ok(());
        }
    }
}

fn read_all(fd: impl AsFd, buf: &mut [u8]) -> rustix::io::Result<()> {
    let mut start = 0;
    loop {
        let n = retry_on_intr(|| read(&fd, &mut buf[start..]))?;
        if n == 0 {
            return Err(rustix::io::Errno::CANCELED);
        }

        start += n;
        if start == buf.len() {
            return Ok(());
        }
    }
}

/// Puts a (newly spawned) pid into a transient systemd scope.
///
/// This separates the pid from the compositor scope, which for example prevents the OOM killer
/// from bringing down the compositor together with a misbehaving client.
#[cfg(feature = "systemd")]
fn start_systemd_scope(name: &OsStr, intermediate_pid: u32, child_pid: u32) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
    use std::fmt::Write as _;
    use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
    use std::path::Path;
    use std::sync::OnceLock;

    use anyhow::Context;
    use zbus::zvariant::{OwnedObjectPath, Value};

    use crate::utils::IS_SYSTEMD_SERVICE;

    // We only start transient scopes if we're a systemd service ourselves.
    if !IS_SYSTEMD_SERVICE.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let _span = tracy_client::span!();

    // Extract the basename.
    let name = Path::new(name).file_name().unwrap_or(name);

    let mut scope_name = String::from("app-niri-");

    // Escape for systemd similarly to libgnome-desktop, which says it had adapted this from
    // systemd source.
    for &c in name.as_bytes() {
        if c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(c, b':' | b'_' | b'.') {
            scope_name.push(char::from(c));
        } else {
            let _ = write!(scope_name, "\\x{c:02x}");
        }
    }

    let _ = write!(scope_name, "-{child_pid}.scope");

    // Ask systemd to start a transient scope.
    static CONNECTION: OnceLock<zbus::Result<zbus::blocking::Connection>> = OnceLock::new();
    let conn = CONNECTION
        .get_or_init(zbus::blocking::Connection::session)
        .clone()
        .context("error connecting to session bus")?;

    let proxy = zbus::blocking::Proxy::new(
        &conn,
        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
    )
    .context("error creating a Proxy")?;

    let signals = proxy
        .receive_signal("JobRemoved")
        .context("error creating a signal iterator")?;

    let pids: &[_] = &[intermediate_pid, child_pid];
    let properties: &[_] = &[
        ("PIDs", Value::new(pids)),
        ("CollectMode", Value::new("inactive-or-failed")),
    ];
    let aux: &[(&str, &[(&str, Value)])] = &[];

    let job: OwnedObjectPath = proxy
        .call("StartTransientUnit", &(scope_name, "fail", properties, aux))
        .context("error calling StartTransientUnit")?;

    trace!("waiting for JobRemoved");
    for message in signals {
        let body: (u32, OwnedObjectPath, &str, &str) =
            message.body().context("error parsing signal")?;

        if body.1 == job {
            // Our transient unit had started, we're good to exit the intermediate child.
            break;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}