replace MemoryCache with custom cache

This was causing significant frame stutters for some players since the migration to .NET 5 in Stardew Valley 1.5.5.

9 files changed, 119 insertions, 94 deletions

diff --git a/build/common.targets b/build/common.targets
index 2e37e729..b2441af8 100644
--- a/build/common.targets
+++ b/build/common.targets
@@ -69,10 +69,7 @@
     <Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetDir)\MonoMod.Common.dll" DestinationFolder="$(GamePath)\smapi-internal" />
 
     <!-- .NET dependencies -->
-    <Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetDir)\System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.dll" DestinationFolder="$(GamePath)\smapi-internal" />
     <Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetDir)\System.Management.dll" DestinationFolder="$(GamePath)\smapi-internal" Condition="$(OS) == 'Windows_NT'" />
-    <Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetDir)\System.Runtime.Caching.dll" DestinationFolder="$(GamePath)\smapi-internal" />
-    <Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetDir)\System.Security.Permissions.dll" DestinationFolder="$(GamePath)\smapi-internal" />
   </Target>
 
   <Target Name="CopyDefaultMods" Condition="'$(MSBuildProjectName)' == 'SMAPI.Mods.ConsoleCommands' OR '$(MSBuildProjectName)' == 'SMAPI.Mods.ErrorHandler' OR '$(MSBuildProjectName)' == 'SMAPI.Mods.SaveBackup'">
diff --git a/build/unix/prepare-install-package.sh b/build/unix/prepare-install-package.sh
index 9b195f37..01c3a0ec 100755
--- a/build/unix/prepare-install-package.sh
+++ b/build/unix/prepare-install-package.sh
@@ -142,15 +142,11 @@ for folder in ${folders[@]}; do
     cp "$smapiBin/SMAPI.metadata.json" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal/metadata.json"
     if [ $folder == "linux" ] || [ $folder == "macOS" ]; then
         cp "$installAssets/unix-launcher.sh" "$bundlePath"
-        cp "$smapiBin/System.Runtime.Caching.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
     else
         cp "$installAssets/windows-exe-config.xml" "$bundlePath/StardewModdingAPI.exe.config"
     fi
 
     # copy .NET dependencies
-    cp "$smapiBin/System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
-    cp "$smapiBin/System.Runtime.Caching.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
-    cp "$smapiBin/System.Security.Permissions.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
     if [ $folder == "windows" ]; then
         cp "$smapiBin/System.Management.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
     fi
diff --git a/build/windows/prepare-install-package.ps1 b/build/windows/prepare-install-package.ps1
index 5e116019..6731486b 100644
--- a/build/windows/prepare-install-package.ps1
+++ b/build/windows/prepare-install-package.ps1
@@ -162,16 +162,12 @@ foreach ($folder in $folders) {
     cp "$smapiBin/SMAPI.metadata.json" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal/metadata.json"
     if ($folder -eq "linux" -or $folder -eq "macOS") {
         cp "$installAssets/unix-launcher.sh" "$bundlePath"
-        cp "$smapiBin/System.Runtime.Caching.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
     }
     else {
         cp "$installAssets/windows-exe-config.xml" "$bundlePath/StardewModdingAPI.exe.config"
     }
 
     # copy .NET dependencies
-    cp "$smapiBin/System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
-    cp "$smapiBin/System.Runtime.Caching.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
-    cp "$smapiBin/System.Security.Permissions.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
     if ($folder -eq "windows") {
         cp "$smapiBin/System.Management.dll" "$bundlePath/smapi-internal"
     }
diff --git a/docs/release-notes.md b/docs/release-notes.md
index cdc0f548..31f6edc2 100644
--- a/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # Release notes
 ## Upcoming release
+* For players:
+  * Optimized reflection cache to reduce frame skips for some players.
 * For mod authors:
   * Removed `runtimeconfig.json` setting which impacted hot reload support.
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/CacheEntry.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/CacheEntry.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 27f48a1f..00000000
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/CacheEntry.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
-using System.Reflection;
-
-namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
-{
-    /// <summary>A cached member reflection result.</summary>
-    internal readonly struct CacheEntry
-    {
-        /*********
-        ** Accessors
-        *********/
-        /// <summary>Whether the lookup found a valid match.</summary>
-        [MemberNotNullWhen(true, nameof(CacheEntry.MemberInfo))]
-        public bool IsValid => this.MemberInfo != null;
-
-        /// <summary>The reflection data for this member (or <c>null</c> if invalid).</summary>
-        public MemberInfo? MemberInfo { get; }
-
-
-        /*********
-        ** Public methods
-        *********/
-        /// <summary>Construct an instance.</summary>
-        /// <param name="memberInfo">The reflection data for this member (or <c>null</c> if invalid).</param>
-        public CacheEntry(MemberInfo? memberInfo)
-        {
-            this.MemberInfo = memberInfo;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/Reflector.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/Reflector.cs
index 79575c26..502a8519 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/Reflector.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Reflection/Reflector.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Reflection;
-using System.Runtime.Caching;
+using StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Utilities;
 
 namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
 {
@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
         ** Fields
         *********/
         /// <summary>The cached fields and methods found via reflection.</summary>
-        private readonly MemoryCache Cache = new(typeof(Reflector).FullName!);
-
-        /// <summary>The sliding cache expiration time.</summary>
-        private readonly TimeSpan SlidingCacheExpiry = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
+        private readonly IntervalMemoryCache<string, MemberInfo?> Cache = new();
 
 
         /*********
@@ -136,6 +133,15 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
             return method!;
         }
 
+        /****
+        ** Management
+        ****/
+        /// <summary>Start a new cache interval, clearing stale reflection lookups.</summary>
+        public void NewCacheInterval()
+        {
+            this.Cache.StartNewInterval();
+        }
+
 
         /*********
         ** Private methods
@@ -149,20 +155,23 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
         private IReflectedField<TValue>? GetFieldFromHierarchy<TValue>(Type type, object? obj, string name, BindingFlags bindingFlags)
         {
             bool isStatic = bindingFlags.HasFlag(BindingFlags.Static);
-            FieldInfo? field = this.GetCached($"field::{isStatic}::{type.FullName}::{name}", () =>
-            {
-                for (Type? curType = type; curType != null; curType = curType.BaseType)
+            FieldInfo? field = this.GetCached(
+                'f', type, name, isStatic,
+                fetch: () =>
                 {
-                    FieldInfo? fieldInfo = curType.GetField(name, bindingFlags);
-                    if (fieldInfo != null)
+                    for (Type? curType = type; curType != null; curType = curType.BaseType)
                     {
-                        type = curType;
-                        return fieldInfo;
+                        FieldInfo? fieldInfo = curType.GetField(name, bindingFlags);
+                        if (fieldInfo != null)
+                        {
+                            type = curType;
+                            return fieldInfo;
+                        }
                     }
-                }
 
-                return null;
-            });
+                    return null;
+                }
+            );
 
             return field != null
                 ? new ReflectedField<TValue>(type, obj, field, isStatic)
@@ -178,20 +187,23 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
         private IReflectedProperty<TValue>? GetPropertyFromHierarchy<TValue>(Type type, object? obj, string name, BindingFlags bindingFlags)
         {
             bool isStatic = bindingFlags.HasFlag(BindingFlags.Static);
-            PropertyInfo? property = this.GetCached<PropertyInfo>($"property::{isStatic}::{type.FullName}::{name}", () =>
-            {
-                for (Type? curType = type; curType != null; curType = curType.BaseType)
+            PropertyInfo? property = this.GetCached(
+                'p', type, name, isStatic,
+                fetch: () =>
                 {
-                    PropertyInfo? propertyInfo = curType.GetProperty(name, bindingFlags);
-                    if (propertyInfo != null)
+                    for (Type? curType = type; curType != null; curType = curType.BaseType)
                     {
-                        type = curType;
-                        return propertyInfo;
+                        PropertyInfo? propertyInfo = curType.GetProperty(name, bindingFlags);
+                        if (propertyInfo != null)
+                        {
+                            type = curType;
+                            return propertyInfo;
+                        }
                     }
-                }
 
-                return null;
-            });
+                    return null;
+                }
+            );
 
             return property != null
                 ? new ReflectedProperty<TValue>(type, obj, property, isStatic)
@@ -206,47 +218,41 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection
         private IReflectedMethod? GetMethodFromHierarchy(Type type, object? obj, string name, BindingFlags bindingFlags)
         {
             bool isStatic = bindingFlags.HasFlag(BindingFlags.Static);
-            MethodInfo? method = this.GetCached($"method::{isStatic}::{type.FullName}::{name}", () =>
-            {
-                for (Type? curType = type; curType != null; curType = curType.BaseType)
+            MethodInfo? method = this.GetCached(
+                'm', type, name, isStatic,
+                fetch: () =>
                 {
-                    MethodInfo? methodInfo = curType.GetMethod(name, bindingFlags);
-                    if (methodInfo != null)
+                    for (Type? curType = type; curType != null; curType = curType.BaseType)
                     {
-                        type = curType;
-                        return methodInfo;
+                        MethodInfo? methodInfo = curType.GetMethod(name, bindingFlags);
+                        if (methodInfo != null)
+                        {
+                            type = curType;
+                            return methodInfo;
+                        }
                     }
-                }
 
-                return null;
-            });
+                    return null;
+                }
+            );
 
             return method != null
-                ? new ReflectedMethod(type, obj, method, isStatic: bindingFlags.HasFlag(BindingFlags.Static))
+                ? new ReflectedMethod(type, obj, method, isStatic: isStatic)
                 : null;
         }
 
         /// <summary>Get a method or field through the cache.</summary>
         /// <typeparam name="TMemberInfo">The expected <see cref="MemberInfo"/> type.</typeparam>
-        /// <param name="key">The cache key.</param>
+        /// <param name="memberType">A letter representing the member type (like 'm' for method).</param>
+        /// <param name="type">The type whose members are being reflected.</param>
+        /// <param name="memberName">The member name.</param>
+        /// <param name="isStatic">Whether the member is static.</param>
         /// <param name="fetch">Fetches a new value to cache.</param>
-        private TMemberInfo? GetCached<TMemberInfo>(string key, Func<TMemberInfo?> fetch)
+        private TMemberInfo? GetCached<TMemberInfo>(char memberType, Type type, string memberName, bool isStatic, Func<TMemberInfo?> fetch)
             where TMemberInfo : MemberInfo
         {
-            // get from cache
-            if (this.Cache.Contains(key))
-            {
-                CacheEntry entry = (CacheEntry)this.Cache[key];
-                return entry.IsValid
-                    ? (TMemberInfo)entry.MemberInfo
-                    : default;
-            }
-
-            // fetch & cache new value
-            TMemberInfo? result = fetch();
-            CacheEntry cacheEntry = new(result);
-            this.Cache.Add(key, cacheEntry, new CacheItemPolicy { SlidingExpiration = this.SlidingCacheExpiry });
-            return result;
+            string key = $"{memberType}{(isStatic ? 's' : 'i')}{type.FullName}:{memberName}";
+            return (TMemberInfo?)this.Cache.GetOrSet(key, fetch);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
index 67f78400..c453562f 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
@@ -1164,6 +1164,8 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework
         protected void OnNewDayAfterFade()
         {
             this.EventManager.DayEnding.RaiseEmpty();
+
+            this.Reflection.NewCacheInterval();
         }
 
         /// <summary>A callback invoked after an asset is fully loaded through a content manager.</summary>
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/Utilities/IntervalMemoryCache.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Utilities/IntervalMemoryCache.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2b69f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/Utilities/IntervalMemoryCache.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Utilities
+{
+    /// <summary>A memory cache with sliding expiry based on custom intervals, with no background processing.</summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TKey">The cache key type.</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">The cache value type.</typeparam>
+    /// <remarks>This is optimized for small caches that are reset relatively rarely. Each cache entry is marked as hot (accessed since the interval started) or stale.
+    /// When a new interval is started, stale entries are cleared and hot entries become stale.</remarks>
+    internal class IntervalMemoryCache<TKey, TValue>
+        where TKey : notnull
+    {
+        /*********
+        ** Fields
+        *********/
+        /// <summary>The cached values that were accessed during the current interval.</summary>
+        private Dictionary<TKey, TValue> HotCache = new();
+
+        /// <summary>The cached values that will expire on the next interval.</summary>
+        private Dictionary<TKey, TValue> StaleCache = new();
+
+
+        /*********
+        ** Public methods
+        *********/
+        /// <summary>Get a value from the cache, fetching it first if needed.</summary>
+        /// <param name="cacheKey">The unique key for the cached value.</param>
+        /// <param name="get">Get the latest data if it's not in the cache yet.</param>
+        public TValue GetOrSet(TKey cacheKey, Func<TValue> get)
+        {
+            // from hot cache
+            if (this.HotCache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out TValue? value))
+                return value;
+
+            // from stale cache
+            if (this.StaleCache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out value))
+            {
+                this.HotCache[cacheKey] = value;
+                return value;
+            }
+
+            // new value
+            value = get();
+            this.HotCache[cacheKey] = value;
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Start a new cache interval, removing any stale entries.</summary>
+        public void StartNewInterval()
+        {
+            this.StaleCache.Clear();
+            if (this.HotCache.Count is not 0)
+                (this.StaleCache, this.HotCache) = (this.HotCache, this.StaleCache); // swap hot cache to stale
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/SMAPI.csproj b/src/SMAPI/SMAPI.csproj
index 27044679..95249bfd 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/SMAPI.csproj
+++ b/src/SMAPI/SMAPI.csproj
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Pintail" Version="2.1.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Platonymous.TMXTile" Version="1.5.9" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection.Emit" Version="4.7.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Runtime.Caching" Version="5.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>