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-<!DOCTYPE html>
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- <meta name="description" content="Spice up your java" />
- <title>@Builder</title>
-</head><body><div id="pepper">
- <div class="minimumHeight"></div>
- <div class="meat">
- <div class="header"><a href="../index.html">Project Lombok</a></div>
- <h1>@Builder</h1>
- <div class="byline">... and Bob's your uncle: No-hassle fancy-pants APIs for object creation!</div>
- <div class="since">
- <h3>Since</h3>
- <p>
- <code>@Builder</code> was introduced as experimental feature in lombok v0.12.0.
- </p><p>
- <code>@Builder</code> gained <code>@Singular</code> support and was promoted to the main <code>lombok</code> package since lombok v1.16.0.
- </p><p>
- <code>@Builder</code> with <code>@Singular</code> adds a clear method since lombok v1.16.8.
- </p><p>
- <code>@Builder.Default</code> functionality was added in lombok v1.16.16.
- </div>
- <div class="overview">
- <h3>Overview</h3>
- <p>
- The <code>@Builder</code> annotation produces complex builder APIs for your classes.
- </p><p>
- <code>@Builder</code> lets you automatically produce the code required to have your class be instantiable with code such as:<br />
- <code>Person.builder().name("Adam Savage").city("San Francisco").job("Mythbusters").job("Unchained Reaction").build();</code>
- </p><p>
- <code>@Builder</code> can be placed on a class, or on a constructor, or on a method. While the "on a class" and "on a constructor"
- mode are the most common use-case, <code>@Builder</code> is most easily explained with the "method" use-case.
- </p><p>
- A method annotated with <code>@Builder</code> (from now on called the <em>target</em>) causes the following 7 things to be generated:<ul>
- <li>An inner class named <code><em>Foo</em>Builder</code>, with the same type arguments as the method (called the <em>builder</em>).</li>
- <li>In the <em>builder</em>: One private non-static non-final field for each parameter of the <em>target</em>.</li>
- <li>In the <em>builder</em>: A package private no-args empty constructor.</li>
- <li>In the <em>builder</em>: A 'setter'-like method for each parameter of the <em>target</em>: It has the same type as that parameter and the same name.
- It returns the builder itself, so that the setter calls can be chained, as in the above example.</li>
- <li>In the <em>builder</em>: A <code>build()</code> method which calls the method, passing in each field. It returns the same type that the
- <em>target</em> returns.</li>
- <li>In the <em>builder</em>: A sensible <code>toString()</code> implementation.</li>
- <li>In the class containing the <em>target</em>: A static <code>builder()</code> method, which creates a new instance of the <em>builder</em>.</li>
- </ul>
- Each listed generated element will be silently skipped if that element already exists (disregarding parameter counts and looking only at names). This
- includes the <em>builder</em> itself: If that class already exists, lombok will simply start injecting fields and methods inside this already existing
- class, unless of course the fields / methods to be injected already exist. You may not put any other method (or constructor) generating lombok annotation
- on a builder class though; for example, you can not put <code>@EqualsAndHashCode</code> on the builder class.
- </p><p>
- <code>@Builder</code> can generate so-called 'singular' methods for collection parameters/fields. These take 1 element instead of an entire list, and add the
- element to the list. For example: <code>Person.builder().job("Mythbusters").job("Unchained Reaction").build();</code> would result in the <code>List&lt;String&gt; jobs</code>
- field to have 2 strings in it. To get this behaviour, the field/parameter needs to be annotated with <code>@Singular</code>. The feature has <a href="#singular">its own documentation</a>.
- </p><p>
- Now that the "method" mode is clear, putting a <code>@Builder</code> annotation on a constructor functions similarly; effectively,
- constructors are just static methods that have a special syntax to invoke them: Their 'return type' is the class they construct, and their
- type parameters are the same as the type parameters of the class itself.
- </p><p>
- Finally, applying <code>@Builder</code> to a class is as if you added <code>@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PACKAGE)</code> to the class and applied the
- <code>@Builder</code> annotation to this all-args-constructor. This only works if you haven't written any explicit constructors yourself. If you do have an
- explicit constructor, put the <code>@Builder</code> annotation on the constructor instead of on the class.
- </p><p>
- If using <code>@Builder</code> to generate builders to produce instances of your own class (this is always the case unless adding <code>@Builder</code> to a static method that doesn't return your own type), you can use <code>@Builder(toBuilder = true)</code> to also generate an instance method in your class called <code>toBuilder()</code>; it creates a new builder that starts out with all the values of this instance. You can put the <code>@Builder.ObtainVia</code> annotation on the parameters (in case of a constructor or static method) or fields (in case of <code>@Builder</code> on a type) to indicate alternative means by which the value for that field/parameter is obtained from the instance. For example, you can specify a method to be invoked: <code>@Builder.ObtainVia(method = "calculateFoo")</code>.
- </p><p>
- The name of the builder class is <code><em>Foobar</em>Builder</code>, where <em>Foobar</em> is the simplified, title-cased form of the return type of the
- <em>target</em> - that is, the name of your type for <code>@Builder</code> on constructors and types, and the name of the return type for <code>@Builder</code>
- on methods. For example, if <code>@Builder</code> is applied to a class named <code>com.yoyodyne.FancyList&lt;T&gt;</code>, then the builder name will be
- <code>FancyListBuilder&lt;T&gt;</code>. If <code>@Builder</code> is applied to a method that returns <code>void</code>, the builder will be named
- <code>VoidBuilder</code>.
- </p><p>
- The configurable aspects of builder are:<ul>
- <li>The <em>builder's class name</em> (default: return type + 'Builder')</li>
- <li>The <em>build()</em> method's name (default: <code>"build"</code>)</li>
- <li>The <em>builder()</em> method's name (default: <code>"builder"</code>)</li>
- <li>If you want <code>toBuilder()</code> (default: no)</li>
- </ul>
- Example usage where all options are changed from their defaults:<br />
- <code>@Builder(builderClassName = "HelloWorldBuilder", buildMethodName = "execute", builderMethodName = "helloWorld", toBuilder = true)</code><br />
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="overview">
- <h3><a id="builderdefault" name="builderdefault">@Builder.Default</a></h3>
- <p>
- If a certain field/parameter is never set during a build session, then it always gets 0 / <code>null</code> / false. If you've put <code>@Builder</code> on a class
- (and not a method or constructor) you can instead specify the default directly on the field, and annotate the field with <code>@Builder.Default</code>:<br />
- <code>@Builder.Default private final long created = System.currentTimeMillis();</code>
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="overview">
- <h3><a id="singular" name="singular">@Singular</a></h3>
- <p>
- By annotating one of the parameters (if annotating a method or constructor with <code>@Builder</code>) or fields (if annotating a class with <code>@Builder</code>) with the
- <code>@Singular</code> annotation, lombok will treat that builder node as a collection, and it generates 2 'adder' methods instead of a 'setter' method. One which adds a single element to the collection, and one
- which adds all elements of another collection to the collection. No setter to just set the collection (replacing whatever was already added) will be generated. A 'clear' method is also generated. These 'singular' builders
- are very complicated in order to guarantee the following properties:
- <ul>
- <li>When invoking <code>build()</code>, the produced collection will be immutable.</li>
- <li>Calling one of the 'adder' methods, or the 'clear' method, after invoking <code>build()</code> does not modify any already generated objects, and, if <code>build()</code> is later called again, another collection with all the elements added since the creation of the builder is generated.</li>
- <li>The produced collection will be compacted to the smallest feasible format while remaining efficient.</li>
- </ul>
- </p><p>
- <code>@Singular</code> can only be applied to collection types known to lombok. Currently, the supported types are:
- <ul>
- <li><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/package-summary.html"><code>java.util</code></a>:<ul>
- <li><code>Iterable</code>, <code>Collection</code>, and <code>List</code> (backed by a compacted unmodifiable <code>ArrayList</code> in the general case).</li>
- <li><code>Set</code>, <code>SortedSet</code>, and <code>NavigableSet</code> (backed by a smartly sized unmodifiable <code>HashSet</code> or <code>TreeSet</code> in the general case).</li>
- <li><code>Map</code>, <code>SortedMap</code>, and <code>NavigableMap</code> (backed by a smartly sized unmodifiable <code>HashMap</code> or <code>TreeMap</code> in the general case).</li>
- </ul></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/google/guava">Guava</a>'s <code>com.google.common.collect</code>:<ul>
- <li><code>ImmutableCollection</code> and <code>ImmutableList</code> (backed by the builder feature of <code>ImmutableList</code>).</li>
- <li><code>ImmutableSet</code> and <code>ImmutableSortedSet</code> (backed by the builder feature of those types).</li>
- <li><code>ImmutableMap</code>, <code>ImmutableBiMap</code>, and <code>ImmutableSortedMap</code> (backed by the builder feature of those types).</li>
- <li><code>ImmutableTable</code> (backed by the builder feature of <code>ImmutableTable</code>).</li>
- </ul></li>
- </ul>
- </p><p>
- If your identifiers are written in common english, lombok assumes that the name of any collection with <code>@Singular</code> on it is an english plural and will attempt to automatically
- singularize that name. If this is possible, the add-one method will use this name. For example, if your collection is called <code>statuses</code>, then the add-one method will automatically
- be called <code>status</code>. You can also specify the singular form of your identifier explictly by passing the singular form as argument to the annotation like so: <code>@Singular("axis") List&lt;Line&gt; axes;</code>.<br />
- If lombok cannot singularize your identifier, or it is ambiguous, lombok will generate an error and force you to explicitly specify the singular name.
- </p><p>
- The snippet below does not show what lombok generates for a <code>@Singular</code> field/parameter because it is rather complicated.
- You can view a snippet <a href="Singular-snippet.html">here</a>.
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="snippets">
- <div class="pre">
- <h3>With Lombok</h3>
- <div class="snippet">@HTML_PRE@</div>
- </div>
- <div class="sep"></div>
- <div class="post">
- <h3>Vanilla Java</h3>
- <div class="snippet">@HTML_POST@</div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div style="clear: left;"></div>
- <div class="overview confKeys">
- <h3>Supported configuration keys:</h3>
- <dl>
- <dt><code>lombok.builder.flagUsage</code> = [<code>warning</code> | <code>error</code>] (default: not set)</dt>
- <dd>Lombok will flag any usage of <code>@Builder</code> as a warning or error if configured.</dd>
- <dt><code>lombok.singular.useGuava</code> = [<code>true</code> | <code>false</code>] (default: false)</dt>
- <dd>If <code>true</code>, lombok will use guava's <code>ImmutableXxx</code> builders and types to implement <code>java.util</code> collection interfaces, instead of creating
- implementations based on <code>Collections.unmodifiableXxx</code>. You must ensure that guava is actually available on the classpath and buildpath if you use this setting.
- Guava is used automatically if your field/parameter has one of the guava <code>ImmutableXxx</code> types.
- <dt><code>lombok.singular.auto</code> = [<code>true</code> | <code>false</code>] (default: true)</dt>
- <dd>If <code>true</code> (which is the default), lombok automatically tries to singularize your identifier name by assuming that it is a common english plural.
- If <code>false</code>, you must always explicitly specify the singular name, and lombok will generate an error if you don't (useful if you write your code in a language other than english).
- </dl>
- </div>
- <div class="overview">
- <h3>Small print</h3><div class="smallprint">
- <p>
- @Singular support for <code>java.util.NavigableMap/Set</code> only works if you are compiling with JDK1.8 or higher.
- </p><p>
- You cannot manually provide some or all parts of a <code>@Singular</code> node; the code lombok generates is too complex for this. If you want to
- manually control (part of) the builder code associated with some field or parameter, don't use <code>@Singular</code> and add everything you need manually.
- </p><p>
- The sorted collections (java.util: <code>SortedSet</code>, <code>NavigableSet</code>, <code>SortedMap</code>, <code>NavigableMap</code> and guava: <code>ImmutableSortedSet</code>, <code>ImmutableSortedMap</code>) require that the type argument of the collection has natural order (implements <code>java.util.Comparable</code>). There is no way to pass an explicit <code>Comparator</code> to use in the builder.
- </p><p>
- An <code>ArrayList</code> is used to store added elements as call methods of a <code>@Singular</code> marked field, if the target collection is from the <code>java.util</code> package, <em>even if the collection is a set or map</em>. Because lombok ensures that generated collections are compacted, a new backing instance of a set or map must be constructed anyway, and storing the data as an <code>ArrayList</code> during the build process is more efficient that storing it as a map or set. This behaviour is not externally visible, an an implementation detail of the current implementation of the <code>java.util</code> recipes for <code>@Singular @Builder</code>.
- </p><p>
- With <code>toBuilder = true</code> applied to static methods, any type parameter on the annotated static method must show up in the returntype.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
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