Merge pull request #8334 from robbie-hatley/224

Robbie Hatley's solutions to The Weekly Challenge 224.

3 files changed, 283 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/blog.txt b/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/blog.txt
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+https://hatley-software.blogspot.com/2023/07/robbie-hatleys-solutions-to-weekly_8.html
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/perl/ch-1.pl b/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/perl/ch-1.pl
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+#! /bin/perl -CSDA
+
+=pod
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+COLOPHON:
+This is a 110-character-wide Unicode UTF-8 Perl-source-code text file with hard Unix line breaks ("\x0A").
+¡Hablo Español! Говорю Русский. Björt skjöldur. ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय. 看的星星，知道你是爱。麦藁雪、富士川町、山梨県。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TITLE BLOCK:
+ch-1.pl
+Solutions in Perl for The Weekly Challenge 224-1.
+Written by Robbie Hatley on Thursday July 6, 2023.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:
+Task 1: Special Notes
+Submitted by: Mohammad S Anwar
+Given two strings, $source and $target, write a script to determine if using the characters (only once) from
+$source, $target can be created.
+
+Example 1:
+Input:  $source = "abc", $target = "xyz"
+Output: false
+
+Example 2:
+Input:  $source = "scriptinglanguage", $target = "perl"
+Output: true
+
+Example 3:
+Input:  $source = "aabbcc", $target = "abc"
+Output: true
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROBLEM NOTES:
+This problem basically asks "can poison pen letter 'target' be made from source 'source'?".
+I think I'll use this algorithm:
+sub ppl ($source, $target) { # ppl = "Poison Pen Letter"
+   for each character in target {
+      if char is in source {
+         remove char from source
+      }
+      else {
+         return 0
+      }
+   }
+   return 1
+}
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+IO NOTES:
+Input is via either a built-in array of arrays of strings, or via @ARGV. If using @ARGV, provide one argument
+which must be a single-quoted array of arrays of two double-quoted strings in proper Perl syntax, like so:
+./ch-1.pl '(["fred", "barney"],["mast","sam"],["complicated", "tail"])'
+
+Output is to STDOUT and will be each pair of source and target strings followed by "true" or "false".
+
+=cut
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# PRELIMINARIES:
+
+use v5.36;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use utf8;
+use Sys::Binmode;
+use Time::HiRes 'time';
+$"=', ';
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# SUBROUTINES:
+
+sub ppl ($source, $target) { # ppl = "Poison Pen Letter"
+   my @tchars = split //, $target;
+   foreach my $tchar (@tchars) {
+      my $index = index $source, $tchar;
+      # If index is -1, this Target CAN'T be built from this Source:
+      if ( -1 == $index ) {
+         return 'false';
+      }
+      # Otherwise, no problems have been found so-far, so remove $tchar from $source and continue:
+      else {
+         substr $source, $index, 1, '';
+      }
+   }
+   # If we get to here, there were no characters in Target which couldn't be obtained from Source,
+   # so this poison-pen letter CAN be built from the source letters given:
+   return 'true';
+}
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# MAIN BODY OF PROGRAM:
+
+# Start timer:
+my $t0 = time;
+
+# Default inputs:
+my @arrays =
+(
+   ["abc", "xyz"],
+   ["scriptinglanguage", "perl"],
+   ["aabbcc", "abc"],
+);
+
+# Non-default inputs:
+@arrays = eval($ARGV[0]) if @ARGV;
+
+# Main loop:
+for my $aref (@arrays) {
+   say '';
+   my $source = $aref->[0];
+   my $target = $aref->[1];
+   my $output = ppl($source, $target);
+   say "Source string: \"$source\"";
+   say "Target string: \"$target\"";
+   say "Can build Target from Source?: $output";
+}
+
+# Determine and print execution time:
+my $µs = 1000000 * (time - $t0);
+printf("\nExecution time was %.0fµs.\n", $µs);
diff --git a/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/perl/ch-2.pl b/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/perl/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7c7c39c097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-224/robbie-hatley/perl/ch-2.pl
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+#! /bin/perl -CSDA
+
+=pod
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+COLOPHON:
+This is a 110-character-wide Unicode UTF-8 Perl-source-code text file with hard Unix line breaks ("\x0A").
+¡Hablo Español! Говорю Русский. Björt skjöldur. ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय. 看的星星，知道你是爱。麦藁雪、富士川町、山梨県。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TITLE BLOCK:
+ch-2.pl
+Solutions in Perl for The Weekly Challenge 224-2.
+Written by Robbie Hatley on Saturday July 8, 2023.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:
+Task 2: Additive Number
+Submitted by: Mohammad S Anwar
+You are given a string containing digits 0-9 only. Write a script to find out if the given string is an
+"additive number". An "additive number" is a string whose digits can form an "additive sequence".
+An "additive sequence" is a sequence (finite or infinite) of integers, containing at least 3 numbers, such
+that except the first 2 numbers, each subsequent number in the sequence is the sum of the preceding two.
+
+Example 1:  Input: $string = "112358"  Output: true
+The additive sequence can be created using the given string digits: 1,1,2,3,5,8
+1 + 1 => 2
+1 + 2 => 3
+2 + 3 => 5
+3 + 5 => 8
+
+Example 2:  Input: $string = "12345"  Output: false
+No additive sequence can be created using the given string digits.
+
+Example 3:  Input: $string = "199100199"  Output: true
+The additive sequence can be created using the given string digits: 1,99,100,199
+ 1 +  99 => 100
+99 + 100 => 199
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+PROBLEM NOTES:
+This is a "partitions of a string" problem. String partitions are collections of substrings which are
+non-duplicating (injective), non-gapping (surjective), non-crossing, and non-overlapping.
+
+String partitions are tantalizingly close to being "non-crossing partitions", given by Catalan numbers,
+but are not quite the same thing, as "non-crossing" partitions can overlap, whereas string partitions can't.
+
+Given a string of length n, each "part" of one of its partitions is a substring determined by its
+starting and one-past-end indices. The possible "one-past-end" indices are (1..n). 0 can't be a one-past-end
+because no strings start before 0, and no empty parts are allowed. And n will ALWAYS be the one-past-end for
+the last part (which may also be the first and only part). So the only one-past-end indices which are
+"in question" are (1..n-1). Therefore, the total number of possible partitions is the number of subsets of
+(1..n-1), which is 2^(n-1).
+
+This suggests an algorithm that bypasses recursion and bypasses CPAN, and is determined only by the 2^(n-1)
+possible sets of one-past-end indices described by the following binary-number signatures:
+my @signatures=(0..2**($n-1)-1);
+Algorithm:
+For each such signature, form a partition using those one-past-end indices, and see if that partition is
+additive.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+IO NOTES:
+Input is via either built-in variables or via @ARGV. If using @ARGV, provide one argument which must be a
+single-quoted array of non-negative integers in proper Perl syntax, like so:
+./ch-2.pl '("frog", 13096, 8311, 471118294776123, 2533836361018, 2533836361019, 2533836361020)'
+
+Output is to STDOUT and will be each input number, followed by "IS additive" or "ISN'T additive".
+
+=cut
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# PRELIMINARIES:
+use v5.36;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use utf8;
+use Sys::Binmode;
+use Time::HiRes 'time';
+$"=', ';
+my $db = 0;
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# SUBROUTINES:
+
+sub is_digits ($x) {
+   return ($x =~ m/^\d+$/)
+}
+
+sub is_additive ($x) {
+   # NaN strings aren't additive:
+   return 'ISN\'T additive.' if ! is_digits($x);
+   # Record length of $x:
+   my $n = length($x);
+   # Make a list of signatures, which are binary numbers specifying which "in-question" one-past-end
+   # indices are active (the 0th is NEVER active, and then nth is ALWAYS active, so those two are
+   # never in-question, just the n-1 indices in-between):
+   my @signatures=(0..2**($n-1)-1);
+   # If debugging, say signatures:
+   if ($db) {say "Signatures = (@signatures)";}
+   SIG: foreach my $sig (@signatures) {
+      # Make a partition based on current signature:
+      my @partition = ();
+      # The first part always starts at index 0:
+      my $start = 0;
+      # The next parts (if any) are determined by the one-past-end markers given by the "1" digits in
+      # the current signature:
+      for ( my $i = 0 ; $i <= $n-2 ; ++$i ) {
+         if (1<<($n-2-$i) & $sig) {
+            push(@partition,substr($x,$start,$i+1-$start));
+            $start=$i+1;
+         }
+      }
+      # The nth one-past-end marker (the index one-past the end of the entire string) is always active,
+      # so manually push the final part onto the partition:
+      push(@partition,substr($x,$start,$n-$start));
+      # If debugging, print partition:
+      if ($db) {say "partition = (@partition)";}
+      # This partition can't be additive if it has less than 3 parts:
+      next SIG if scalar(@partition) < 3;
+      # This partition isn't additive if any two consecutive numbers don't add to the next:
+      for ( my $i = 2 ; $i <= $#partition ; ++$i ) {
+         next SIG if $partition[$i-2] + $partition[$i-1] != $partition[$i];
+      }
+      # If we get to here, everything adds-up, so this partition is additive:
+      return 'IS additive.';
+   }
+   # If we get to here, there are no additive partitions of the string $x:
+   return 'ISN\'T additive.';
+}
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# MAIN BODY OF PROGRAM:
+
+# Start timer:
+my $t0 = time;
+
+# Default inputs:
+my @numbers =
+(
+   112358,
+   12345,
+   199100199,
+);
+
+# Non-default inputs:
+if (@ARGV) {@numbers = eval($ARGV[0]);}
+
+# Main loop:
+for my $number (@numbers) {
+   say '';
+   say "Number = $number";
+   my $status = is_additive($number);
+   say "Status = $status";
+}
+
+# Determine and print execution time to the nearest microsecond:
+my $µs = 1000000 * (time - $t0);
+printf("\nExecution time was %.0fµs.\n", $µs);