Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

78 files changed, 4861 insertions, 1795 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/perl/ch-2.pl b/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/perl/ch-2.pl
index 45340c7c08..7a2ae807d3 100644
--- a/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/perl/ch-2.pl
+++ b/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/perl/ch-2.pl
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ sub parse_sun_length {
     open(my $fh, "<", \$data) or die;
     while (<$fh>) {
         next unless /^(\d+)/;
-        next unless $1 >= 1 && $1 <= 30;    # check only 30 days so that periods are same
+        # check only 30 days so that periods are same
+        next unless $1 >= 1 && $1 <= 30;
         my @f = split(' ', $_);
         my $day_seconds = parse_hms_seconds($f[5]);
         $sun_lenght_seconds += $day_seconds;
diff --git a/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py b/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6db7ec458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Challenge 037
+#
+# TASK #1
+# Write a script to calculate the total number of weekdays (Mon-Fri) in each
+# month of the year 2019.
+# Jan: 23 days
+# Feb: 20 days
+# Mar: 21 days
+# Apr: 22 days
+# May: 23 days
+# Jun: 20 days
+# Jul: 23 days
+# Aug: 22 days
+# Sep: 21 days
+# Oct: 23 days
+# Nov: 21 days
+# Dec: 22 days
+
+from datetime import date, timedelta
+
+months = {1:'Jan', 2:'Feb', 3:'Mar', 4:'Apr', 5:'May', 6:'Jun',
+          7:'Jul', 8:'Aug', 9:'Sep', 10:'Oct', 11:'Nov', 12:'Dec'}
+
+def month_work_days(year, month):
+    work_days = 0
+    dt = date(year=year, month=month, day=1)
+    while dt.month == month:
+        if dt.weekday() < 5:
+            work_days += 1
+        dt += timedelta(days=1)
+    return work_days
+
+def say_work_days(year):
+    for month in range(1, 13):
+        print(months[month]+": "+ \
+              str(month_work_days(year, month))+ \
+              " days")
+
+say_work_days(2019)
diff --git a/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/python/ch-2.py b/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/python/ch-2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f44d8f49c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-037/paulo-custodio/python/ch-2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Challenge 037
+#
+# TASK #2
+# Write a script to find out the DayLight gain/loss in the month of December
+# 2019 as compared to November 2019 in the city of London. You can find out
+# sunrise and sunset data for November 2019 and December 2019 for London.
+
+import re
+
+november_data = """
+2019    Sunrise/Sunset  Daylength   Astronomical Twilight   Nautical Twilight   Civil Twilight  Solar Noon
+Nov Sunrise Sunset  Length  Diff.   Start   End Start   End Start   End Time    Mil. km
+1   06:53 ? 16:34 ? 9:40:44 -3:35   05:00   18:27   05:38   17:48   06:18   17:09   11:44   148.491
+2   06:55 ? 16:32 ? 9:37:10 -3:33   05:01   18:25   05:40   17:47   06:19   17:07   11:44   148.451
+3   06:56 ? 16:30 ? 9:33:38 -3:32   05:03   18:24   05:41   17:45   06:21   17:05   11:44   148.412
+4   06:58 ? 16:28 ? 9:30:07 -3:30   05:04   18:22   05:43   17:43   06:23   17:04   11:44   148.373
+5   07:00 ? 16:27 ? 9:26:38 -3:29   05:06   18:21   05:45   17:42   06:24   17:02   11:44   148.334
+6   07:02 ? 16:25 ? 9:23:11 -3:27   05:07   18:19   05:46   17:40   06:26   17:01   11:44   148.296
+7   07:03 ? 16:23 ? 9:19:45 -3:25   05:09   18:18   05:48   17:39   06:28   16:59   11:44   148.258
+8   07:05 ? 16:22 ? 9:16:22 -3:23   05:10   18:16   05:49   17:38   06:29   16:58   11:44   148.221
+9   07:07 ? 16:20 ? 9:13:01 -3:21   05:12   18:15   05:51   17:36   06:31   16:56   11:44   148.184
+10  07:09 ? 16:18 ? 9:09:42 -3:18   05:13   18:14   05:52   17:35   06:32   16:55   11:44   148.148
+11  07:10 ? 16:17 ? 9:06:25 -3:16   05:15   18:13   05:54   17:34   06:34   16:53   11:44   148.112
+12  07:12 ? 16:15 ? 9:03:11 -3:14   05:16   18:11   05:55   17:32   06:36   16:52   11:44   148.077
+13  07:14 ? 16:14 ? 8:59:59 -3:11   05:18   18:10   05:57   17:31   06:37   16:51   11:44   148.043
+14  07:16 ? 16:12 ? 8:56:50 -3:09   05:19   18:09   05:58   17:30   06:39   16:49   11:44   148.009
+15  07:17 ? 16:11 ? 8:53:44 -3:06   05:20   18:08   06:00   17:29   06:40   16:48   11:45   147.976
+16  07:19 ? 16:10 ? 8:50:40 -3:03   05:22   18:07   06:01   17:28   06:42   16:47   11:45   147.944
+17  07:21 ? 16:08 ? 8:47:39 -3:00   05:23   18:06   06:03   17:26   06:44   16:46   11:45   147.912
+18  07:22 ? 16:07 ? 8:44:42 -2:57   05:25   18:05   06:04   17:25   06:45   16:44   11:45   147.881
+19  07:24 ? 16:06 ? 8:41:48 -2:54   05:26   18:04   06:06   17:24   06:47   16:43   11:45   147.850
+20  07:26 ? 16:05 ? 8:38:57 -2:50   05:27   18:03   06:07   17:24   06:48   16:42   11:46   147.820
+21  07:27 ? 16:04 ? 8:36:09 -2:47   05:29   18:02   06:08   17:23   06:50   16:41   11:46   147.791
+22  07:29 ? 16:03 ? 8:33:25 -2:43   05:30   18:01   06:10   17:22   06:51   16:40   11:46   147.762
+23  07:31 ? 16:01 ? 8:30:45 -2:40   05:31   18:01   06:11   17:21   06:53   16:39   11:46   147.733
+24  07:32 ? 16:00 ? 8:28:09 -2:36   05:33   18:00   06:13   17:20   06:54   16:39   11:47   147.705
+25  07:34 ? 15:59 ? 8:25:36 -2:32   05:34   17:59   06:14   17:19   06:56   16:38   11:47   147.677
+26  07:35 ? 15:59 ? 8:23:08 -2:28   05:35   17:59   06:15   17:19   06:57   16:37   11:47   147.650
+27  07:37 ? 15:58 ? 8:20:44 -2:23   05:37   17:58   06:17   17:18   06:58   16:36   11:47   147.623
+28  07:38 ? 15:57 ? 8:18:24 -2:19   05:38   17:57   06:18   17:17   07:00   16:35   11:48   147.596
+29  07:40 ? 15:56 ? 8:16:09 -2:15   05:39   17:57   06:19   17:17   07:01   16:35   11:48   147.570
+30  07:41 ? 15:55 ? 8:13:59 -2:10   05:40   17:57   06:20   17:16   07:02   16:34   11:49   147.544
+* All times are local time for London. They take into account refraction. Dates are based on the Gregorian calendar.
+"""
+
+december_data = """
+2019    Sunrise/Sunset  Daylength   Astronomical Twilight   Nautical Twilight   Civil Twilight  Solar Noon
+Dec Sunrise Sunset  Length  Diff.   Start   End Start   End Start   End Time    Mil. km
+1   07:43 ? 15:55 ? 8:11:53 -2:05   05:41   17:56   06:22   17:16   07:04   16:34   11:49   147.518
+2   07:44 ? 15:54 ? 8:09:53 -2:00   05:42   17:56   06:23   17:15   07:05   16:33   11:49   147.493
+3   07:46 ? 15:53 ? 8:07:57 -1:55   05:44   17:55   06:24   17:15   07:06   16:33   11:50   147.469
+4   07:47 ? 15:53 ? 8:06:07 -1:50   05:45   17:55   06:25   17:15   07:08   16:32   11:50   147.446
+5   07:48 ? 15:53 ? 8:04:22 -1:45   05:46   17:55   06:26   17:14   07:09   16:32   11:50   147.423
+6   07:49 ? 15:52 ? 8:02:42 -1:39   05:47   17:55   06:27   17:14   07:10   16:32   11:51   147.400
+7   07:51 ? 15:52 ? 8:01:08 -1:34   05:48   17:55   06:28   17:14   07:11   16:31   11:51   147.379
+8   07:52 ? 15:51 ? 7:59:40 -1:28   05:49   17:54   06:29   17:14   07:12   16:31   11:52   147.358
+9   07:53 ? 15:51 ? 7:58:17 -1:22   05:50   17:54   06:30   17:14   07:13   16:31   11:52   147.338
+10  07:54 ? 15:51 ? 7:57:01 -1:16   05:51   17:54   06:31   17:14   07:14   16:31   11:53   147.319
+11  07:55 ? 15:51 ? 7:55:50 -1:10   05:52   17:54   06:32   17:14   07:15   16:31   11:53   147.301
+12  07:56 ? 15:51 ? 7:54:45 -1:04   05:52   17:54   06:33   17:14   07:16   16:31   11:54   147.283
+13  07:57 ? 15:51 ? 7:53:46 -0:58   05:53   17:55   06:34   17:14   07:17   16:31   11:54   147.267
+14  07:58 ? 15:51 ? 7:52:54 -0:52   05:54   17:55   06:35   17:14   07:18   16:31   11:54   147.251
+15  07:59 ? 15:51 ? 7:52:08 -0:46   05:55   17:55   06:36   17:14   07:19   16:31   11:55   147.237
+16  08:00 ? 15:51 ? 7:51:28 -0:39   05:56   17:55   06:36   17:14   07:19   16:31   11:55   147.223
+17  08:00 ? 15:51 ? 7:50:54 -0:33   05:56   17:56   06:37   17:15   07:20   16:32   11:56   147.210
+18  08:01 ? 15:52 ? 7:50:27 -0:27   05:57   17:56   06:38   17:15   07:21   16:32   11:56   147.198
+19  08:02 ? 15:52 ? 7:50:06 -0:20   05:58   17:56   06:38   17:15   07:22   16:32   11:57   147.187
+20  08:02 ? 15:52 ? 7:49:52 -0:14   05:58   17:57   06:39   17:16   07:22   16:33   11:57   147.177
+21  08:03 ? 15:53 ? 7:49:44 -0:07   05:59   17:57   06:40   17:16   07:23   16:33   11:58   147.167
+22  08:04 ? 15:53 ? 7:49:43 -0:01   05:59   17:58   06:40   17:17   07:23   16:34   11:58   147.158
+23  08:04 ? 15:54 ? 7:49:49 +0:05   06:00   17:58   06:41   17:17   07:24   16:34   11:59   147.149
+24  08:04 ? 15:54 ? 7:50:01 +0:11   06:00   17:59   06:41   17:18   07:24   16:35   11:59   147.141
+25  08:05 ? 15:55 ? 7:50:19 +0:18   06:01   17:59   06:41   17:19   07:25   16:35   12:00   147.133
+26  08:05 ? 15:56 ? 7:50:44 +0:24   06:01   18:00   06:42   17:19   07:25   16:36   12:00   147.126
+27  08:05 ? 15:57 ? 7:51:15 +0:31   06:01   18:01   06:42   17:20   07:25   16:37   12:01   147.120
+28  08:06 ? 15:57 ? 7:51:53 +0:37   06:01   18:01   06:42   17:21   07:25   16:38   12:01   147.114
+29  08:06 ? 15:58 ? 7:52:37 +0:44   06:02   18:02   06:42   17:21   07:26   16:38   12:02   147.109
+30  08:06 ? 15:59 ? 7:53:28 +0:50   06:02   18:03   06:43   17:22   07:26   16:39   12:02   147.104
+31  08:06 ? 16:00 ? 7:54:24 +0:56   06:02   18:04   06:43   17:23   07:26   16:40   12:03   147.100
+* All times are local time for London. They take into account refraction. Dates are based on the Gregorian calendar.
+"""
+
+def parse_sun_length(data):
+    sun_length_seconds = 0
+    for line in data.split("\n"):
+        if m := re.match(r"^(\d+)", line):
+            day = int(m.group(1))
+            # check only 30 days so that periods are same
+            if 1 <= day <= 30:
+                if m := re.search(r"\s(\d+):(\d+):(\d+)\s", line):
+                    hour = int(m.group(1))
+                    minute = int(m.group(2))
+                    second = int(m.group(3))
+                    day_seconds = 3600*hour+60*minute+second
+                    sun_length_seconds += day_seconds
+    return sun_length_seconds
+
+november_sun_length = parse_sun_length(november_data)
+december_sun_length = parse_sun_length(december_data)
+print("{:.1f} minutes gained".format((december_sun_length-november_sun_length)/60))
diff --git a/challenge-038/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py b/challenge-038/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d90e25f8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-038/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Challenge 038
+#
+# TASK #1
+# Date Finder
+# Create a script to accept a 7 digits number, where the first number can only
+# be 1 or 2. The second and third digits can be anything 0-9. The fourth and
+# fifth digits corresponds to the month i.e. 01,02,03...,11,12. And the last
+# 2 digits respresents the days in the month i.e. 01,02,03...29,30,31. Your
+# script should validate if the given number is valid as per the rule and then
+# convert into human readable format date.
+#
+# RULES
+# If 1st digit is 1, then prepend 20 otherwise 19 to the 2nd and 3rd digits to
+# make it 4-digits year.
+#
+# The 4th and 5th digits together should be a valid month.
+#
+# The 6th and 7th digits together should be a valid day for the above month.
+#
+# For example, the given number is 2230120, it should print 1923-01-20.
+
+from datetime import date
+from calendar import monthrange
+import re
+import sys
+
+input = sys.argv[1]
+if not (m := re.match(r"^([12])(\d\d)([01]\d)([0-3]\d)$", input)):
+    print("malformed input")
+else:
+    year_msb = int(m.group(1))
+    year_lsb = int(m.group(2))
+    month = int(m.group(3))
+    day = int(m.group(4))
+
+    if year_msb == 1:
+        year = 2000+year_lsb
+    else:
+        year = 1900+year_lsb
+
+    if not 1 <= month <= 12:
+        print("malformed month")
+    else:
+        if not 1 <= day <= monthrange(year, month)[1]:
+            print("malformed day")
+        else:
+            dt = date(year=year, month=month, day=day)
+            print(dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
diff --git a/challenge-038/paulo-custodio/python/ch-2.py b/challenge-038/paulo-custodio/python/ch-2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d7feca634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-038/paulo-custodio/python/ch-2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Challenge 038
+#
+# TASK #2
+# Word Game
+# Lets assume we have tiles as listed below, with an alphabet (A..Z) printed
+# on them. Each tile has a value, e.g. A (1 point), B (4 points) etc. You are
+# allowed to draw 7 tiles from the lot randomly. Then try to form a word using
+# the 7 tiles with maximum points altogether. You don't have to use all the
+# 7 tiles to make a word. You should try to use as many tiles as possible to
+# get the maximum points.
+#
+# For example, A (x8) means there are 8 tiles with letter A.
+#
+# 1 point
+# A (x8), G (x3), I (x5), S (x7), U (x5), X (x2), Z (x5)
+#
+# 2 points
+# E (x9), J (x3), L (x3), R (x3), V (x3), Y (x5)
+#
+# 3 points
+# F (x3), D (x3), P (x5), W (x5)
+#
+# 4 points
+# B (x5), N (x4)
+#
+# 5 points
+# T (x5), O (x3), H (x3), M (x4), C (x4)
+#
+# 10 points
+# K (x2), Q (x2)
+
+import sys
+import re
+
+g_score = {'a':1,'g':1,'i':1,'s':1,'u':1,'x':1,'z':1,
+           'e':2,'j':2,'l':2,'r':2,'v':2,'y':2,
+           'f':3,'d':3,'p':3,'w':3,
+           'b':4,'n':4,
+           't':5,'o':5,'h':5,'m':5,'c':5,
+           'k':10,'q':10}
+g_count = {'a':8,'g':3,'i':5,'s':7,'u':5,'x':2,'z':5,
+           'e':9,'j':3,'l':3,'r':3,'v':3,'y':5,
+           'f':3,'d':3,'p':5,'w':5,
+           'b':5,'n':4,
+           't':5,'o':3,'h':3,'m':4,'c':4,
+           'k':2,'q':2}
+
+def check_word(word):
+    # maximium 7 letters, only lower case letters
+    if not re.match(r"^[a-z]{1,7}$", word):
+        return -1
+
+    # less than count tiles for each letter
+    for letter in word:
+        if letter.count(letter) > g_count[letter]:
+            return -1
+
+    # compute score
+    score = 0
+    for letter in word:
+        score += g_score[letter]
+
+    return score
+
+
+dict = sys.argv[1]
+max_score = 0
+max_word = ""
+
+with open(dict) as f:
+    for line in f.readlines():
+        word = line.rstrip()
+        score = check_word(word)
+        if score > 0 and score > max_score:
+            max_score, max_word = score, word
+
+print(max_score, max_word)
diff --git a/challenge-039/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py b/challenge-039/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0372e0e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-039/paulo-custodio/python/ch-1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Challenge 039
+#
+# TASK #1
+# A guest house had a policy that the light remain ON as long as the at least
+# one guest is in the house. There is guest book which tracks all guest in/out
+# time. Write a script to find out how long in minutes the light were ON.
+# Guest Book