- Added Perl solutions to the week 189.

17 files changed, 1618 insertions, 1497 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-189/mohammad-anwar/perl/ch-1.pl b/challenge-189/mohammad-anwar/perl/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e0d7f2806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-189/mohammad-anwar/perl/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+=head1
+
+Week 189:
+
+    https://theweeklychallenge.org/blog/perl-weekly-challenge-189
+
+Task #1: Greater Character
+
+    You are given an array of characters (a..z) and a target character.
+
+    Write a script to find out the smallest character in the given
+    array lexicographically greater than the target character.
+
+=cut
+
+use v5.36;
+use Test2::V0;
+
+is greater_character('b', qw/e m u g/, 'b'), 'e', 'Example 1';
+is greater_character('a', qw/d c e f/, 'a'), 'c', 'Example 2';
+is greater_character('o', qw/j a r/  , 'o'), 'r', 'Example 3';
+is greater_character('a', qw/d c a f/, 'a'), 'c', 'Example 4';
+is greater_character('v', qw/t g a l/, 'v'), 'v', 'Example 5';
+
+done_testing;
+
+#
+#
+# METHOD
+
+sub greater_character($t, @chars) {
+    for (sort @chars) { return $_ if ord > ord $t }
+    return $t;
+}
diff --git a/challenge-189/mohammad-anwar/perl/ch-2.pl b/challenge-189/mohammad-anwar/perl/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b979eaa2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-189/mohammad-anwar/perl/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+=head1
+
+Week 189:
+
+    https://theweeklychallenge.org/blog/perl-weekly-challenge-189
+
+Task #2: Array Degree
+
+    You are given an array of 2 or more non-negative integers.
+
+    Write a script to find out the smallest subarray having the degree
+    of the given array.
+
+    The degree of an array is the maximum frequence of an element in
+    the array.
+
+=cut
+
+use v5.36;
+use Test2::V0;
+use Algorithm::Combinatorics qw(subsets);
+
+is array_degree(1, 3, 3, 2)   , [3, 3],       'Example 1';
+is array_degree(1, 2, 1, 3)   , [1, 2, 1],    'Example 2';
+is array_degree(1, 3, 2, 1, 2), [2, 1, 2],    'Example 3';
+is array_degree(1, 1, 2, 3, 2), [1, 1],       'Example 4';
+is array_degree(2, 1, 2, 1, 1), [1, 2, 1, 1], 'Example 5';
+
+done_testing;
+
+#
+#
+# METHODS
+
+sub array_degree(@list) {
+    my %h;
+    my $x = join(q{}, @list);
+    my %seen;
+    foreach my $k (2 .. scalar(@list)) {
+        my $entries = subsets(\@list, $k);
+        while (my $entry = $entries->next) {
+            my $y = join(q{}, @$entry);
+            next if $seen{$y};
+            next unless ($x =~ /$y/);
+            $h{ join(":", @$entry) } = _array_degree($entry);
+            $seen{$y} = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $d = $h{[ sort { $h{$b} <=> $h{$a} } keys %h ]->[0]};
+    my $s = 0;
+    my $r;
+    foreach my $e (keys %h) {
+        if ($h{$e} == $d) {
+            if ($s == 0 || length($e) <= $s) {
+                $r = $e;
+                $s = length($e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return [ split /\:/, $r ];
+}
+
+sub _array_degree($data) {
+    my %e; ++$e{$_} for @$data;
+    return $e{[ sort { $e{$b} <=> $e{$a} } keys %e ]->[0]};
+}
diff --git a/stats/pwc-current.json b/stats/pwc-current.json
index a8afd6dfb0..028502e411 100644
--- a/stats/pwc-current.json
+++ b/stats/pwc-current.json
@@ -1,129 +1,23 @@
 {
-   "subtitle" : {
-      "text" : "[Champions: 15] Last updated at 2022-11-01 16:59:09 GMT"
+   "chart" : {
+      "type" : "column"
    },
    "yAxis" : {
       "title" : {
          "text" : "Total Solutions"
       }
    },
-   "title" : {
-      "text" : "The Weekly Challenge - 189"
-   },
-   "legend" : {
-      "enabled" : 0
-   },
-   "chart" : {
-      "type" : "column"
-   },
-   "tooltip" : {
-      "pointFormat" : "<span style='color:{point.color}'>{point.name}</span>: <b>{point.y:f}</b><br/>",
-      "headerFormat" : "<span style='font-size:11px'>{series.name}</span><br/>",
-      "followPointer" : 1
-   },
-   "series" : [
-      {
-         "name" : "The Weekly Challenge - 189",
-         "data" : [
-            {
-               "name" : "Alexander Pankoff",
-               "drilldown" : "Alexander Pankoff",
-               "y" : 2
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "name" : "Andrew Grangaard",
-               "drilldown" : "Andrew Grangaard"
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "drilldown" : "Humberto Massa",
-               "name" : "Humberto Massa"
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "James Smith",
-               "name" : "James Smith",
-               "y" : 3
-            },
-            {
-               "name" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
-               "drilldown" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
-               "y" : 5
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 4,
-               "drilldown" : "Luca Ferrari",
-               "name" : "Luca Ferrari"
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "name" : "Mark Anderson",
-               "drilldown" : "Mark Anderson"
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Niels van Dijke",
-               "name" : "Niels van Dijke",
-               "y" : 2
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 3,
-               "name" : "Peter Campbell Smith",
-               "drilldown" : "Peter Campbell Smith"
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "drilldown" : "Robbie Hatley",
-               "name" : "Robbie Hatley"
-            },
-            {
-               "name" : "Robert DiCicco",
-               "drilldown" : "Robert DiCicco",
-               "y" : 2
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 4,
-               "drilldown" : "Roger Bell_West",
-               "name" : "Roger Bell_West"
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "name" : "Tim Potapov",
-               "drilldown" : "Tim Potapov"
-            },
-            {
-               "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
-               "drilldown" : "Ulrich Rieke",
-               "y" : 4
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "W. Luis Mochan",
-               "name" : "W. Luis Mochan",
-               "y" : 3
-            }
-         ],
-         "colorByPoint" : 1
-      }
-   ],
-   "plotOptions" : {
-      "series" : {
-         "dataLabels" : {
-            "enabled" : 1,
-            "format" : "{point.y}"
-         },
-         "borderWidth" : 0
-      }
-   },
    "drilldown" : {
       "series" : [
          {
+            "id" : "Alexander Pankoff",
             "name" : "Alexander Pankoff",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Alexander Pankoff"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "data" : [
@@ -132,21 +26,22 @@
                   2
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "Andrew Grangaard",
-            "id" : "Andrew Grangaard"
+            "id" : "Andrew Grangaard",
+            "name" : "Andrew Grangaard"
          },
          {
             "id" : "Humberto Massa",
+            "name" : "Humberto Massa",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Raku",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "Humberto Massa"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "id" : "James Smith",
+            "name" : "James Smith",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -156,10 +51,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   1
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "James Smith"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
+            "name" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -173,12 +69,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   1
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
-            "id" : "Laurent Rosenfeld"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "id" : "Luca Ferrari",
+            "name" : "Luca Ferrari",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Raku",
@@ -188,31 +83,41 @@
                   "Blog",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "Luca Ferrari"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "name" : "Mark Anderson",
+            "id" : "Mark Anderson",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Raku",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Mark Anderson"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "Mohammad S Anwar",
+            "name" : "Mohammad S Anwar",
+            "data" : [
+               [
+                  "Perl",
+                  2
+               ]
+            ]
+         },
+         {
+            "id" : "Niels van Dijke",
             "name" : "Niels van Dijke",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Niels van Dijke"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "name" : "Peter Campbell Smith",
+            "id" : "Peter Campbell Smith",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -222,21 +127,19 @@
                   "Blog",
                   1
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Peter Campbell Smith"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "id" : "Robbie Hatley",
+            "name" : "Robbie Hatley",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "Robbie Hatley"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "Robert DiCicco",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -247,11 +150,10 @@
                   1
                ]
             ],
+            "id" : "Robert DiCicco",
             "name" : "Robert DiCicco"
          },
          {
-            "id" : "Roger Bell_West",
-            "name" : "Roger Bell_West",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -261,7 +163,9 @@
                   "Raku",
                   2
                ]
-            ]
+            ],
+            "name" : "Roger Bell_West",
+            "id" : "Roger Bell_West"
          },
          {
             "data" : [
@@ -270,10 +174,12 @@
                   2
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "Tim Potapov",
-            "id" : "Tim Potapov"
+            "id" : "Tim Potapov",
+            "name" : "Tim Potapov"
          },
          {
+            "id" : "Ulrich Rieke",
+            "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -283,13 +189,9 @@
                   "Raku",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
-            "id" : "Ulrich Rieke"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "W. Luis Mochan",
-            "name" : "W. Luis Mochan",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -299,11 +201,124 @@
                   "Blog",
                   1
                ]
-            ]
+            ],
+            "id" : "W. Luis Mochan",
+            "name" : "W. Luis Mochan"
          }
       ]
    },
    "xAxis" : {
       "type" : "category"
+   },
+   "plotOptions" : {
+      "series" : {
+         "borderWidth" : 0,
+         "dataLabels" : {
+            "format" : "{point.y}",
+            "enabled" : 1
+         }
+      }
+   },
+   "subtitle" : {
+      "text" : "[Champions: 16] Last updated at 2022-11-01 17:46:38 GMT"
+   },
+   "title" : {
+      "text" : "The Weekly Challenge - 189"
+   },
+   "tooltip" : {
+      "headerFormat" : "<span style='font-size:11px'>{series.name}</span><br/>",
+      "pointFormat" : "<span style='color:{point.color}'>{point.name}</span>: <b>{point.y:f}</b><br/>",
+      "followPointer" : 1
+   },
+   "series" : [
+      {
+         "colorByPoint" : 1,
+         "name" : "The Weekly Challenge - 189",
+         "data" : [
+            {
+               "drilldown" : "Alexander Pankoff",
+               "name" : "Alexander Pankoff",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 2,
+               "drilldown" : "Andrew Grangaard",
+               "name" : "Andrew Grangaard"
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "Humberto Massa",
+               "drilldown" : "Humberto Massa",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "James Smith",
+               "drilldown" : "James Smith",
+               "y" : 3
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 5,
+               "name" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
+               "drilldown" : "Laurent Rosenfeld"
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "Luca Ferrari",
+               "drilldown" : "Luca Ferrari",
+               "y" : 4
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "Mark Anderson",
+               "drilldown" : "Mark Anderson",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 2,
+               "name" : "Mohammad S Anwar",
+               "drilldown" : "Mohammad S Anwar"
+            },
+            {
+               "drilldown" : "Niels van Dijke",
+               "name" : "Niels van Dijke",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 3,
+               "name" : "Peter Campbell Smith",
+               "drilldown" : "Peter Campbell Smith"
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 2,
+               "drilldown" : "Robbie Hatley",
+               "name" : "Robbie Hatley"
+            },
+            {
+               "drilldown" : "Robert DiCicco",
+               "name" : "Robert DiCicco",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 4,
+               "name" : "Roger Bell_West",
+               "drilldown" : "Roger Bell_West"
+            },
+            {
+               "drilldown" : "Tim Potapov",
+               "name" : "Tim Potapov",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 4,
+               "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
+               "drilldown" : "Ulrich Rieke"
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 3,
+               "drilldown" : "W. Luis Mochan",
+               "name" : "W. Luis Mochan"
+            }
+         ]
+      }
+   ],
+   "legend" : {
+      "enabled" : 0
    }
 }
diff --git a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json
index 0850e25bef..f73d0aa855 100644
--- a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json
+++ b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 {
-   "yAxis" : {
-      "min" : 0,
-      "title" : {
-         "text" : null
-      }
-   },
-   "subtitle" : {
-      "text" : "Last updated at 2022-11-01 16:59:09 GMT"
-   },
-   "title" : {
-      "text" : "The Weekly Challenge Contributions [2019 - 2022]"
-   },
    "chart" : {
       "type" : "column"
    },
-   "legend" : {
-      "enabled" : "false"
+   "yAxis" : {
+      "title" : {
+         "text" : null
+      },
+      "min" : 0
    },
    "xAxis" : {
       "type" : "category",
       "labels" : {
          "style" : {
-            "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif",
-            "fontSize" : "13px"
+            "fontSize" : "13px",
+            "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif"
          }
       }
    },
+   "tooltip" : {
+      "pointFormat" : "<b>{point.y:.0f}</b>"
+   },
+   "subtitle" : {
+      "text" : "Last updated at 2022-11-01 17:46:38 GMT"
+   },
+   "title" : {
+      "text" : "The Weekly Challenge Contributions [2019 - 2022]"
+   },
    "series" : [
       {
          "data" : [
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
             ],
             [
                "Perl",
-               9223
+               9225
             ],
             [
                "Raku",
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@
          ],
          "name" : "Contributions",
          "dataLabels" : {
-            "color" : "#FFFFFF",
+            "align" : "right",
+            "rotation" : -90,
             "format" : "{point.y:.0f}",
             "enabled" : "true",
-            "rotation" : -90,
+            "color" : "#FFFFFF",
             "y" : 10,
-            "align" : "right",
             "style" : {
                "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif",
                "fontSize" : "13px"
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
          }
       }
    ],
-   "tooltip" : {
-      "pointFormat" : "<b>{point.y:.0f}</b>"
+   "legend" : {
+      "enabled" : "false"
    }
 }
diff --git a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json
index ea73d865e5..35a34dedbb 100644
--- a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json
+++ b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json
@@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
 {
-   "chart" : {
-      "type" : "column"
-   },
-   "legend" : {
-      "enabled" : "false"
-   },
-   "xAxis" : {
-      "type" : "category"
-   },
    "drilldown" : {
       "series" : [
          {
+            "id" : "001",
+            "name" : "001",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -24,12 +17,9 @@
                   "Blog",
                   11
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "001",
-            "id" : "001"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "002",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -44,9 +34,12 @@
                   10
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "002"
+            "name" : "002",
+            "id" : "002"
          },
          {
+            "name" : "003",
+            "id" : "003",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -60,11 +53,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   9
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "003",
-            "id" : "003"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "name" : "004",
+            "id" : "004",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -78,11 +71,10 @@
                   "Blog",
                   10
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "004",
-            "id" : "004"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "005",
             "name" : "005",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -97,10 +89,10 @@
                   "Blog",
                   12
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "005"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "006",
             "name" : "006",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -115,10 +107,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   7
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "006"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "007",
+            "name" : "007",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -132,11 +125,10 @@
                   "Blog",
                   10
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "007",
-            "id" : "007"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "name" : "008",
             "id" : "008",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -151,11 +143,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   12
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "008"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "name" : "009",
+            "id" : "009",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -169,8 +161,7 @@
                   "Blog",
                   13
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "009"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "data" : [
@@ -187,11 +178,10 @@
                   11
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "010",
-            "id" : "010"
+            "id" : "010",
+            "name" : "010"
          },
          {
-            "name" : "011",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -206,9 +196,12 @@
                   10
                ]
             ],
-            "id" : "011"
+            "id" : "011",
+            "name" : "011"
          },
          {
+            "id" : "012",
+            "name" : "012",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -222,12 +215,9 @@
                   "Blog",
                   11
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "012",
-            "id" : "012"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "013",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -242,7 +232,8 @@
                   13
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "013"
+            "name" : "013",
+            "id" : "013"
          },
          {
             "id" : "014",
@@ -263,7 +254,6 @@
             ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "015",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -278,9 +268,11 @@
                   15
                ]
             ],
+            "id" : "015",
             "name" : "015"
          },
          {
+            "name" : "016",
             "id" : "016",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -295,8 +287,7 @@
                   "Blog",
                   12
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "016"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "data" : [
@@ -313,12 +304,12 @@
                   12
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "017",
-            "id" : "017"
+            "id" : "017",
+            "name" : "017"
          },
          {
-            "id" : "018",
             "name" : "018",
+            "id" : "018",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -335,8 +326,6 @@
             ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "019",
-            "name" : "019",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -350,9 +339,13 @@
                   "Blog",
                   13
                ]
-            ]
+            ],
+            "name" : "019",
+            "id" : "019"
          },
          {
+            "id" : "020",
+            "name" : "020",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -366,11 +359,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   13
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "020",
-            "id" : "020"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "021",
+            "name" : "021",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -384,9 +377,7 @@
                   "Blog",
                   10
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "021",
-            "id" : "021"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "id" : "022",
@@ -407,6 +398,8 @@
             ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "023",
+            "name" : "023",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -420,12 +413,9 @@
                   "Blog",
                   12
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "023",
-            "id" : "023"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "024",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -440,10 +430,10 @@
                   11
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "024"
+            "name" : "024",
+            "id" : "024"
          },
          {
-            "name" : "025",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -458,7 +448,8 @@
                   12
                ]
             ],
-            "id" : "025"
+            "id" : "025",
+            "name" : "025"
          },
          {
             "data" : [
@@ -475,12 +466,10 @@
                   10
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "026",
-            "id" : "026"
+            "id" : "026",
+            "name" : "026"
          },
          {
-            "id" : "027",
-            "name" : "027",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -494,9 +483,12 @@
                   "Blog",
                   9
                ]
-            ]
+            ],
+            "name" : "027",
+            "id" : "027"
          },
          {
+            "id" : "028",
             "name" : "028",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -511,11 +503,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   9
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "028"
+            ]
          },
          {
             "name" : "029",
+            "id" : "029",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -529,10 +521,10 @@
                   "Blog",
                   12
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "029"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "030",
             "name" : "030",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -547,11 +539,9 @@
                   "Blog",
                   10
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "030"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "031",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -566,9 +556,12 @@
                   9
                ]
             ],
-            "name" : "031"
+            "name" : "031",
+            "id" : "031"
          },
          {
+            "id" : "032",
+            "name" : "032",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -582,13 +575,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   10
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "032",
-            "id" : "032"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "033",
             "name" : "033",
+            "id" : "033",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -605,6 +596,7 @@
             ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "034",
             "name" : "034",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -619,11 +611,9 @@
                   "Blog",
                   11
                ]
-            ],
-