- Added solutions by Laurent Rosenfeld.

25 files changed, 1522 insertions, 1426 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/blog.txt b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f17974d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+http://blogs.perl.org/users/laurent_r/2021/04/perl-weekly-challenge-108-locate-memory-and-bell-numbers.html
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/c/ch-1.c b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/c/ch-1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..734e8ad688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/c/ch-1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main () {
+    int val = 42;
+    printf("Memory location of val is: %p", &val);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/cpp/ch-1.cpp b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/cpp/ch-1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec2ed9970a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/cpp/ch-1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+  int array[4] = {42, 43, 44, 45};
+  cout << "Memory address of the array is: " << array;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/d/ch-1.d b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/d/ch-1.d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be6f0c780d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/d/ch-1.d
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import std.stdio;
+
+void main () {
+   int val = 42;
+   writeln("Address of val is: ", &val);
+}
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/go/ch-1.go b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/go/ch-1.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19588849b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/go/ch-1.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func main() {
+    i := 42
+    fmt.Println("Address of vaiable i is: ", &i)
+}
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/julia/ch-1.julia b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/julia/ch-1.julia
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2a13e9573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/julia/ch-1.julia
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+arr = [1, 2, 3, 7]
+p_arr = pointer(arr)
+println("Memory address of arr is: ", p_arr)
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/perl/ch-1.pl b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/perl/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5076961fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/perl/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature "say";
+
+my $i = 42;
+my $ref = \$i;
+my $addr = $1 if $ref =~ /\((0x\w+)/;
+say $addr;
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/perl/ch-2.pl b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/perl/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..914774d803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/perl/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature "say";
+use constant MAX => 9;
+
+my @tr;
+$tr[0][0] = 1;
+for my $row (1..MAX) {
+    $tr[$row][0] = $tr[$row - 1][-1];
+    for my $i (1..$row) {
+        $tr[$row][$i] = $tr[$row][$i-1] + $tr[$row - 1][$i-1];
+    }
+}
+say join " ", map { $tr[$_][0] } 0..$#tr;
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/python/ch-1.py b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/python/ch-1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cfac46505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/python/ch-1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+i = 42
+print("Address of variable i is: ", id(i))
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/raku/ch-1.raku b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/raku/ch-1.raku
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e20651765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/raku/ch-1.raku
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+my $i = 42;
+say $i.WHERE;
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/raku/ch-2.raku b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/raku/ch-2.raku
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9540f1fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/raku/ch-2.raku
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+constant \MAX = 9;
+my @tr;
+@tr[0][0] = 1;
+for 1..MAX -> $row {
+    @tr[$row][0] = @tr[$row - 1][*-1];
+    for 1..$row -> $i {
+        @tr[$row][$i] = @tr[$row][$i-1] + @tr[$row - 1][$i-1];
+    }
+}
+say join " ", map { @tr[$_][0] }, 0..@tr.end;
diff --git a/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/rust/ch-1.rs b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/rust/ch-1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8244682001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-108/laurent-rosenfeld/rust/ch-1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+fn main() {
+    let val: i32 = 42;
+    println!("Memory locacion of variable val is: {:p}", &val);
+}
diff --git a/stats/pwc-current.json b/stats/pwc-current.json
index 41b6feafcc..2750b9047c 100644
--- a/stats/pwc-current.json
+++ b/stats/pwc-current.json
@@ -1,39 +1,83 @@
 {
-   "chart" : {
-      "type" : "column"
-   },
-   "subtitle" : {
-      "text" : "[Champions: 11] Last updated at 2021-04-14 03:10:53 GMT"
+   "title" : {
+      "text" : "Perl Weekly Challenge - 108"
    },
    "yAxis" : {
       "title" : {
          "text" : "Total Solutions"
       }
    },
-   "title" : {
-      "text" : "Perl Weekly Challenge - 108"
-   },
-   "legend" : {
-      "enabled" : 0
-   },
-   "plotOptions" : {
-      "series" : {
-         "borderWidth" : 0,
-         "dataLabels" : {
-            "enabled" : 1,
-            "format" : "{point.y}"
-         }
+   "series" : [
+      {
+         "colorByPoint" : 1,
+         "name" : "Perl Weekly Challenge - 108",
+         "data" : [
+            {
+               "name" : "Aaron Smith",
+               "y" : 3,
+               "drilldown" : "Aaron Smith"
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "Cheok-Yin Fung",
+               "drilldown" : "Cheok-Yin Fung",
+               "y" : 1
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "E. Choroba",
+               "drilldown" : "E. Choroba",
+               "y" : 2
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 2,
+               "drilldown" : "Jorg Sommrey",
+               "name" : "Jorg Sommrey"
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
+               "drilldown" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
+               "y" : 5
+            },
+            {
+               "drilldown" : "Luca Ferrari",
+               "y" : 4,
+               "name" : "Luca Ferrari"
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 2,
+               "drilldown" : "Mark Anderson",
+               "name" : "Mark Anderson"
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 5,
+               "drilldown" : "Roger Bell_West",
+               "name" : "Roger Bell_West"
+            },
+            {
+               "y" : 1,
+               "drilldown" : "Simon Proctor",
+               "name" : "Simon Proctor"
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "Stuart Little",
+               "y" : 4,
+               "drilldown" : "Stuart Little"
+            },
+            {
+               "drilldown" : "Ulrich Rieke",
+               "y" : 4,
+               "name" : "Ulrich Rieke"
+            },
+            {
+               "name" : "W. Luis Mochan",
+               "y" : 3,
+               "drilldown" : "W. Luis Mochan"
+            }
+         ]
       }
-   },
-   "tooltip" : {
-      "pointFormat" : "<span style='color:{point.color}'>{point.name}</span>: <b>{point.y:f}</b><br/>",
-      "headerFormat" : "<span style='font-size:11px'>{series.name}</span><br/>",
-      "followPointer" : 1
-   },
+   ],
    "drilldown" : {
       "series" : [
          {
-            "name" : "Aaron Smith",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Raku",
@@ -44,6 +88,7 @@
                   1
                ]
             ],
+            "name" : "Aaron Smith",
             "id" : "Aaron Smith"
          },
          {
@@ -57,26 +102,45 @@
             ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "E. Choroba",
+            "name" : "E. Choroba",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "E. Choroba",
-            "name" : "E. Choroba"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "id" : "Jorg Sommrey",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
                   2
                ]
             ],
+            "id" : "Jorg Sommrey",
             "name" : "Jorg Sommrey"
          },
          {
+            "data" : [
+               [
+                  "Perl",
+                  2
+               ],
+               [
+                  "Raku",
+                  2
+               ],
+               [
+                  "Blog",
+                  1
+               ]
+            ],
+            "id" : "Laurent Rosenfeld",
+            "name" : "Laurent Rosenfeld"
+         },
+         {
+            "id" : "Luca Ferrari",
             "name" : "Luca Ferrari",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -87,12 +151,11 @@
                   "Blog",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Luca Ferrari"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "name" : "Mark Anderson",
             "id" : "Mark Anderson",
+            "name" : "Mark Anderson",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Raku",
@@ -101,6 +164,7 @@
             ]
          },
          {
+            "name" : "Roger Bell_West",
             "id" : "Roger Bell_West",
             "data" : [
                [
@@ -115,20 +179,21 @@
                   "Blog",
                   1
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "Roger Bell_West"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "Simon Proctor",
             "name" : "Simon Proctor",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Raku",
                   1
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Simon Proctor"
+            ]
          },
          {
+            "id" : "Stuart Little",
+            "name" : "Stuart Little",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -138,12 +203,9 @@
                   "Raku",
                   2
                ]
-            ],
-            "id" : "Stuart Little",
-            "name" : "Stuart Little"
+            ]
          },
          {
-            "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -154,10 +216,12 @@
                   2
                ]
             ],
+            "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
             "id" : "Ulrich Rieke"
          },
          {
             "id" : "W. Luis Mochan",
+            "name" : "W. Luis Mochan",
             "data" : [
                [
                   "Perl",
@@ -167,75 +231,34 @@
                   "Blog",
                   1
                ]
-            ],
-            "name" : "W. Luis Mochan"
+            ]
          }
       ]
    },
+   "tooltip" : {
+      "followPointer" : 1,
+      "headerFormat" : "<span style='font-size:11px'>{series.name}</span><br/>",
+      "pointFormat" : "<span style='color:{point.color}'>{point.name}</span>: <b>{point.y:f}</b><br/>"
+   },
    "xAxis" : {
       "type" : "category"
    },
-   "series" : [
-      {
-         "name" : "Perl Weekly Challenge - 108",
-         "colorByPoint" : 1,
-         "data" : [
-            {
-               "name" : "Aaron Smith",
-               "drilldown" : "Aaron Smith",
-               "y" : 3
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Cheok-Yin Fung",
-               "name" : "Cheok-Yin Fung",
-               "y" : 1
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "drilldown" : "E. Choroba",
-               "name" : "E. Choroba"
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 2,
-               "drilldown" : "Jorg Sommrey",
-               "name" : "Jorg Sommrey"
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Luca Ferrari",
-               "name" : "Luca Ferrari",
-               "y" : 4
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Mark Anderson",
-               "name" : "Mark Anderson",
-               "y" : 2
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Roger Bell_West",
-               "name" : "Roger Bell_West",
-               "y" : 5
-            },
-            {
-               "y" : 1,
-               "name" : "Simon Proctor",
-               "drilldown" : "Simon Proctor"
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Stuart Little",
-               "name" : "Stuart Little",
-               "y" : 4
-            },
-            {
-               "drilldown" : "Ulrich Rieke",
-               "name" : "Ulrich Rieke",
-               "y" : 4
-            },
-            {
-               "name" : "W. Luis Mochan",
-               "drilldown" : "W. Luis Mochan",
-               "y" : 3
-            }
-         ]
+   "legend" : {
+      "enabled" : 0
+   },
+   "chart" : {
+      "type" : "column"
+   },
+   "subtitle" : {
+      "text" : "[Champions: 12] Last updated at 2021-04-14 03:25:20 GMT"
+   },
+   "plotOptions" : {
+      "series" : {
+         "borderWidth" : 0,
+         "dataLabels" : {
+            "format" : "{point.y}",
+            "enabled" : 1
+         }
       }
-   ]
+   }
 }
diff --git a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json
index 06db1701d7..b426ecb960 100644
--- a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json
+++ b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown-summary.json
@@ -1,63 +1,63 @@
 {
-   "yAxis" : {
-      "min" : 0,
-      "title" : {
-         "text" : null
-      }
+   "legend" : {
+      "enabled" : "false"
    },
    "chart" : {
       "type" : "column"
    },
    "subtitle" : {
-      "text" : "Last updated at 2021-04-14 03:10:53 GMT"
-   },
-   "tooltip" : {
-      "pointFormat" : "<b>{point.y:.0f}</b>"
-   },
-   "xAxis" : {
-      "labels" : {
-         "style" : {
-            "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif",
-            "fontSize" : "13px"
-         }
-      },
-      "type" : "category"
+      "text" : "Last updated at 2021-04-14 03:25:20 GMT"
    },
    "series" : [
       {
+         "dataLabels" : {
+            "rotation" : -90,
+            "y" : 10,
+            "color" : "#FFFFFF",
+            "enabled" : "true",
+            "align" : "right",
+            "style" : {
+               "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif",
+               "fontSize" : "13px"
+            },
+            "format" : "{point.y:.0f}"
+         },
+         "name" : "Contributions",
          "data" : [
             [
                "Blog",
-               1469
+               1470
             ],
             [
                "Perl",
-               5062
+               5064
             ],
             [
                "Raku",
-               3231
+               3233
             ]
-         ],
-         "name" : "Contributions",
-         "dataLabels" : {
-            "color" : "#FFFFFF",
-            "format" : "{point.y:.0f}",
-            "enabled" : "true",
-            "rotation" : -90,
-            "y" : 10,
-            "align" : "right",
-            "style" : {
-               "fontSize" : "13px",
-               "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif"
-            }
-         }
+         ]
       }
    ],
+   "tooltip" : {
+      "pointFormat" : "<b>{point.y:.0f}</b>"
+   },
+   "xAxis" : {
+      "type" : "category",
+      "labels" : {
+         "style" : {
+            "fontFamily" : "Verdana, sans-serif",
+            "fontSize" : "13px"
+         }
+      }
+   },
    "title" : {
       "text" : "Perl Weekly Challenge Contributions [2019 - 2020]"
    },
-   "legend" : {
-      "enabled" : "false"
+   "yAxis" : {
+      "min" : 0,
+      "title" : {
+         "text" : null
+      }
    }
 }
diff --git a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json
index 6e1ad6ac04..328563eab5 100644
--- a/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json
+++ b/stats/pwc-language-breakdown.json
@@ -1,78 +1,75 @@
 {
+   "title" : {
+      "text" : "Perl Weekly Challenge Language"
+   },
    "yAxis" : {
       "title" : {
          "text" : "Total Solutions"
       }
    },
-   "chart" : {
-      "type" : "column"
-   },
-   "subtitle" : {
-      "text" : "Click the columns to drilldown the language breakdown. Last updated at 2021-04-14 03:10:53 GMT"
-   },
    "series" : [
       {
          "colorByPoint" : "true",
          "name" : "Perl Weekly Challenge Languages",
          "data" : [
             {
-               "y" : 161,
                "name" : "#001",
-               "drilldown" : "001"
+               "drilldown" : "001",
+               "y" : 161
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#002",
                "drilldown" : "002",
-               "y" : 125
+               "y" : 125,
+               "name" : "#002"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 81,
                "drilldown" : "003",
+               "y" : 81,
                "name" : "#003"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 97,
                "drilldown" : "004",
+               "y" : 97,
                "name" : "#004"
             },
             {
+               "y" : 76,
                "drilldown" : "005",
-               "name" : "#005",
-               "y" : 76
+               "name" : "#005"
             },
             {
+               "name" : "#006",
                "y" : 56,
-               "drilldown" : "006",
-               "name" : "#006"
+               "drilldown" : "006"
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#007",
+               "y" : 63,
                "drilldown" : "007",
-               "y" : 63
+               "name" : "#007"
             },
             {
+               "name" : "#008",
                "y" : 76,
-               "drilldown" : "008",
-               "name" : "#008"
+               "drilldown" : "008"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 74,
                "name" : "#009",
-               "drilldown" : "009"
+               "drilldown" : "009",
+               "y" : 74
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "010",
-               "name" : "#010",
-               "y" : 64
+               "y" : 64,
+               "name" : "#010"
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#011",
                "drilldown" : "011",
-               "y" : 83
+               "y" : 83,
+               "name" : "#011"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 87,
                "drilldown" : "012",
+               "y" : 87,
                "name" : "#012"
             },
             {
@@ -81,8 +78,8 @@
                "y" : 82
             },
             {
-               "y" : 100,
                "name" : "#014",
+               "y" : 100,
                "drilldown" : "014"
             },
             {
@@ -92,88 +89,88 @@
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "016",
-               "name" : "#016",
-               "y" : 70
+               "y" : 70,
+               "name" : "#016"
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "017",
-               "name" : "#017",
-               "y" : 83
+               "y" : 83,
+               "name" : "#017"
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "018",
-               "name" : "#018",
-               "y" : 80
+               "y" : 80,
+               "name" : "#018"
             },
             {
+               "name" : "#019",
                "y" : 101,
-               "drilldown" : "019",
-               "name" : "#019"
+               "drilldown" : "019"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 99,
+               "name" : "#020",
                "drilldown" : "020",
-               "name" : "#020"
+               "y" : 99
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#021",
                "drilldown" : "021",
-               "y" : 71
+               "y" : 71,
+               "name" : "#021"
             },
             {
                "name" : "#022",
-               "drilldown" : "022",
-               "y" : 67
+               "y" : 67,
+               "drilldown" : "022"
             },
             {
                "name" : "#023",
-               "drilldown" : "023",
-               "y" : 95
+               "y" : 95,
+               "drilldown" : "023"
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "024",
-               "name" : "#024",
-               "y" : 74
+               "y" : 74,
+               "name" : "#024"
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "025",
-               "name" : "#025",
-               "y" : 59
+               "y" : 59,
+               "name" : "#025"
             },
             {
+               "y" : 74,
                "drilldown" : "026",
-               "name" : "#026",
-               "y" : 74
+               "name" : "#026"
             },
             {
+               "drilldown" : "027",
                "y" : 60,
-               "name" : "#027",
-               "drilldown" : "027"
+               "name" : "#027"
             },
             {
+               "drilldown" : "028",
                "y" : 80,
-               "name" : "#028",
-               "drilldown" : "028"
+               "name" : "#028"
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#029",
+               "y" : 79,
                "drilldown" : "029",
-               "y" : 79
+               "name" : "#029"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 117,
                "drilldown" : "030",
+               "y" : 117,
                "name" : "#030"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 89,
                "drilldown" : "031",
+               "y" : 89,
                "name" : "#031"
             },
             {
-               "drilldown" : "032",
                "name" : "#032",
-               "y" : 94
+               "y" : 94,
+               "drilldown" : "032"
             },
             {
                "y" : 110,
@@ -181,154 +178,154 @@
                "name" : "#033"
             },
             {
+               "name" : "#034",
                "y" : 64,
-               "drilldown" : "034",
-               "name" : "#034"
+               "drilldown" : "034"
             },
             {
-               "drilldown" : "035",
                "name" : "#035",
+               "drilldown" : "035",
                "y" : 64
             },
             {
+               "y" : 68,
                "drilldown" : "036",
-               "name" : "#036",
-               "y" : 68
+               "name" : "#036"
             },
             {
-               "drilldown" : "037",
                "name" : "#037",
+               "drilldown" : "037",
                "y" : 67
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#038",
+               "y" : 67,
                "drilldown" : "038",
-               "y" : 67
+               "name" : "#038"
             },
             {
+               "y" : 62,
                "drilldown" : "039",
-               "name" : "#039",
-               "y" : 62
+               "name" : "#039"
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#040",
+               "y" : 73,
                "drilldown" : "040",
-               "y" : 73
+               "name" : "#040"
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#041",
                "drilldown" : "041",
-               "y" : 76
+               "y" : 76,
+               "name" : "#041"
             },
             {
-               "name" : "#042",
+               "y" : 92,
                "drilldown" : "042",
-               "y" : 92
+               "name" : "#042"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 68,
+               "name" : "#043",
                "drilldown" : "043",
-               "name" : "#043"
+               "y" : 68
             },
             {
+               "drilldown" : "044",
                "y" : 85,
-               "name" : "#044",
-               "drilldown" : "044"
+               "name" : "#044"
             },
             {
                "drilldown" : "045",
-               "name" : "#045",
-               "y" : 96
+               "y" : 96,
+               "name" : "#045"
             },
             {
+               "drilldown" : "046",
                "y" : 87,
-               "name" : "#046",
-               "drilldown" : "046"
+               "name" : "#046"
             },
             {
                "y" : 84,
-               "name" : "#047",
-               "drilldown" : "047"
+               "drilldown" : "047",
+               "name" : "#047"
             },
             {
-               "y" : 108,
                "name" : "#048",
+               "y" : 108,
                "drilldown" : "048"
             },
             {
-               "drilldown" : "049",
                "name" : "#049",
+               "drilldown" : "049",
                "y" : 89
             },
             {
-               "drilldown" : "050",
                "name" : "#050",
-               "y" : 98
+               "y" : 98,
+               "drilld