Merge pull request #5990 from PerlMonk-Athanasius/branch-for-challenge-161

Perl & Raku solutions to Tasks 1 & 2, plus blog for Task 2, for Week 161

7 files changed, 79018 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-161/athanasius/blog.txt b/challenge-161/athanasius/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a29e0377c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-161/athanasius/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+https://www.perlmonks.com/index.pl?node_id=11143246
diff --git a/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/ch-1.pl b/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f70f08c6c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!perl
+
+###############################################################################
+=comment
+
+Perl Weekly Challenge 161
+=========================
+
+TASK #1
+-------
+*Abecedarian Words*
+
+Submitted by: Ryan J Thompson
+
+An abecedarian word is a word whose letters are arranged in alphabetical order.
+For example, "knotty" is an abecedarian word, but "knots" is not. Output or
+return a list of all abecedarian words in the [ https://github.com/manwar/
+perlweeklychallenge-club/blob/master/data/dictionary.txt |dictionary], sorted
+in decreasing order of length.
+
+Optionally, using only abecedarian words, leave a short comment in your code to
+make your reviewer smile.
+
+=cut
+###############################################################################
+
+#--------------------------------------#
+# Copyright © 2022 PerlMonk Athanasius #
+#--------------------------------------#
+
+#==============================================================================
+=comment
+
+Abecedarian comment
+-------------------
+An abbot in an abbey abhors a bossy boor.
+
+=cut
+#==============================================================================
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use autodie;
+use Const::Fast;
+
+const my $COMMENT    => 'An abbot in an abbey abhors a bossy boor.';
+const my $DICTIONARY => 'dictionary.txt';
+const my $USAGE      => "Usage:\n  perl $0\n";
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BEGIN
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    $| = 1;
+    print "\nChallenge 161, Task #1: Abecedarian Words (Perl)\n\n";
+}
+
+#==============================================================================
+MAIN:
+#==============================================================================
+{
+    my $args = scalar @ARGV;
+       $args and die "ERROR: Expected 0 command line arguments, found $args" .
+                     "\n$USAGE";
+
+    my @abecedarians;
+
+    open my $fh, '<', $DICTIONARY;
+
+    while (my $line = <$fh>)
+    {
+        chomp $line;
+        push  @abecedarians, $line if is_abecedarian( $line );
+    }
+
+    close $fh;
+
+    @abecedarians = sort { length $b <=> length $a } @abecedarians;
+
+    printf "The %d abecedarian words in %s, sorted from longest to shortest:" .
+           "\n\n%s\n\n%s\n", scalar @abecedarians,   $DICTIONARY,
+                        join( "\t", @abecedarians ), $COMMENT;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub is_abecedarian
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    my ($word)   = @_;
+    my  @letters = split '', $word;
+
+    for my $i (1 .. $#letters)
+    {
+        return 0 if $letters[ $i ] lt $letters[ $i - 1 ];
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+###############################################################################
diff --git a/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/ch-2.pl b/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53b3d3ebdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#!perl
+
+###############################################################################
+=comment
+
+Perl Weekly Challenge 161
+=========================
+
+TASK #2
+-------
+*Pangrams*
+
+Submitted by: Ryan J Thompson
+
+A pangram is a sentence or phrase that uses every letter in the English
+alphabet at least once. For example, perhaps the most well known pangram is:
+
+  the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
+
+Using the provided [ https://github.com/manwar/perlweeklychallenge-club/
+blob/master/data/dictionary.txt |dictionary], so that you don't need to include
+individual copy, generate at least one pangram.
+
+Your pangram does not have to be a syntactically valid English sentence (doing
+so would require far more work, and a dictionary of nouns, verbs, adjectives,
+adverbs, and conjunctions). Also note that repeated letters, and even repeated
+words, are permitted.
+
+BONUS: Constrain or optimize for something interesting (completely up to you),
+such as:
+
+  Shortest possible pangram (difficult)
+  Pangram which contains only abecedarian words (see challenge 1)
+  Pangram such that each word "solves" exactly one new letter. For example,
+  such a pangram might begin with (newly solved letters in bold):
+      a ah hi hid die ice tea ...
+      What is the longest possible pangram generated with this method? (All
+      solutions will contain 26 words, so focus on the letter count.)
+  Pangrams that have the weirdest (PG-13) Google image search results
+  Anything interesting goes!
+
+=cut
+###############################################################################
+
+#--------------------------------------#
+# Copyright © 2022 PerlMonk Athanasius #
+#--------------------------------------#
+
+#==============================================================================
+=comment
+
+Bonus Constraint
+----------------
+Approximation to the shortest possible pangram using a version of the greedy
+algorithm. See my blog at https://www.perlmonks.com/index.pl?node_id=11143246
+
+=cut
+#==============================================================================
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use autodie;
+use feature qw( state );
+use Const::Fast;
+use Set::Tiny;
+use constant TIMER   => 1;
+use constant VERBOSE => 1;
+
+const my %ALPHABET   =>
+      (
+          a => 1, b =>  3, c => 3, d => 2, e => 1,
+          f => 4, g =>  2, h => 4, i => 1, j => 8,
+          k => 5, l =>  1, m => 3, n => 1, o => 1,
+          p => 3, q => 10, r => 1, s => 1, t => 1,
+          u => 1, v =>  4, w => 4, x => 8, y => 4, z => 10
+      );
+const my $DUP_WEIGHT =>  4;
+const my $DICTIONARY => 'dictionary.txt';
+const my $USAGE      => "Usage:\n  raku ch-2.raku\n";
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Lexical variable with file scope
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+my %Word2letters;    # Each hash entry has the form:
+                     #   word => [ set-of-unused-letters-in-that-word, weight ]
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BEGIN
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    $| = 1;
+    print "\nChallenge 161, Task #2: Pangrams (Perl)\n\n";
+}
+
+#==============================================================================
+MAIN:
+#==============================================================================
+{
+    use if TIMER, 'Time::HiRes' => qw( gettimeofday tv_interval );
+
+    my $t0   = [ gettimeofday ]                                       if TIMER;
+    my $args = scalar @ARGV;
+       $args and die "ERROR: Expected 0 command line arguments, found $args" .
+                     "\n$USAGE";
+
+    read_words( $DICTIONARY );  # Words are read from the dictionary file, fil-
+                                # tered, weighted, then stored in %Word2letters
+    my @pangram;
+    my $letter_count = 0;
+
+    while ($letter_count < scalar keys %ALPHABET)
+    {
+        my ($new_word, $new_letters) = get_next_word();
+
+        push @pangram, $new_word;
+
+        $letter_count += record_new_letters( $new_letters );
+    }
+
+    my $length  = 0;
+       $length += length $_ for @pangram;
+
+    printf "%sPangram of %d letters using words drawn from %s:\n\n  %s\n",
+            VERBOSE ? "\n" : '', $length, $DICTIONARY, join ' ', @pangram;
+
+    printf "\n%.2f seconds\n", tv_interval( $t0 ),                    if TIMER;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub read_words
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my  %words;
+
+    open my $fh, '<', $file;
+
+    while (my $word = <$fh>)
+    {
+        chomp $word;
+
+        my $set = Set::Tiny->new( split '', $word );
+        my $key = join '', sort $set->elements;
+
+        push @{ $words{ $key } }, $word;
+    }
+
+    close $fh;
+
+    # Where words share the same set of letters, keep only the shortest word.
+    # E.g., "abdicate", "diabetic", and "abdicated" all have the letter set (a,
+    # b, c, d, e, i, t), so "abdicate" is retained but "diabetic" and "abdicat-
+    # ed" are filtered out. This reduces the dictionary size from 39,172 to
+    # 23,610 -- a saving of 15,562 words!
+
+    for my $key (keys %words)
+    {
+        my $word = (sort { length $a <=> length $b } @{ $words{ $key } })[ 0 ];
+        my $set  =  Set::Tiny->new( split '', $word );
+
+        my $weight  = 0;
+           $weight += $ALPHABET{ $_ } for $set->elements;
+
+        $Word2letters{ $word } = [ $set, $weight ];
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub get_next_word
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    state  $word_count = 0                                          if VERBOSE;
+    my     @sorted     = sort by_size keys %Word2letters;
+    scalar @sorted         or  die 'No words left, stopped';
+
+    my     $best_word  = $sorted[ 0 ];
+
+    $Word2letters{ $best_word }[ 0 ]->is_empty
+                           and die 'The best word has no new letters, stopped';
+
+    my     $best_letters = $Word2letters{ $best_word }[ 0 ];
+    state  $width        = length( $best_word ) + 1                 if VERBOSE;
+
+    printf "(%d) %-*s", ++$word_count, $width, "$best_word:"        if VERBOSE;
+
+    delete $Word2letters{ $best_word };
+
+    for my $word (keys %Word2letters)
+    {
+        my $letters = $Word2letters{ $word }[ 0 ]->difference( $best_letters );
+        my $weight  = 0;
+           $weight += $ALPHABET{ $_ } for $letters->elements;
+
+        for (split '', $word)
+        {
+           $weight -= $DUP_WEIGHT unless $letters->contains( $_ );
+        }
+
+        $Word2letters{ $word } = [ $letters, $weight ];
+    }
+
+    return ($best_word, $best_letters);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub by_size
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    # - First, prefer words with the greatest weight;
+    # - then prefer words with the greatest number of unused letters;
+    # - then prefer shorter words;
+    # - then sort alphabetically (ascending)
+
+    return $Word2letters{ $b }[ 1 ] <=> $Word2letters{ $a }[ 1 ]
+                                    ||
+     $Word2letters{ $b }[ 0 ]->size <=> $Word2letters{ $a }[ 0 ]->size
+                                    ||
+                          length $a <=> length $b
+                                    ||
+                                 $a cmp $b;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub record_new_letters
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    state %letters       = map { $_ => 0 } keys %ALPHABET;
+    my   ($best_letters) = @_;
+    my    $count         = 0;
+
+    for my $letter (sort $best_letters->elements)
+    {
+        if ($letters{ $letter } == 0)
+        {
+            $letters{ $letter } =  1;
+            ++$count;
+            print " $letter"                                        if VERBOSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    print "\n"                                                      if VERBOSE;
+
+    return $count;
+}
+
+###############################################################################
diff --git a/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/dictionary.txt b/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/dictionary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f915f2975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-161/athanasius/perl/dictionary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39172 @@
+a
+aardvark
+aback
+abacus
+abacuses
+abandon
+abandoned
+abandoning
+abandonment
+abandons
+abate
+abated
+abates
+abating
+abbey
+abbeys
+abbot
+abbots
+abbreviate
+abbreviated
+abbreviates
+abbreviating
+abbreviation
+abbreviations
+abdicate
+abdicated
+abdicates
+abdicating
+abdication
+abdications
+abdomen
+abdomens
+abdominal
+abduct
+abducted
+abducting
+abducts
+aberration
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+abet
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+abetted
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+abhor
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