merge upstream

73 files changed, 5047 insertions, 2174 deletions

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5c7bc148aa..6f7cd72c1f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 This is the central repository for the members of [**Perl Weekly Challenge**](https://perlweeklychallenge.org). The members can submit the solution to the challenge each week under version control.
 
+## EZPWC - Easy Perl Weekly Challenges Script
+
+**Saif Ahmed**, respected member of **Team PWC**, created the tool **[EZPWC](https://github.com/saiftynet/EZPWC)** to help you with contributing to the weekly challenge. We highly recommend you to give it a try. If you have any questions/suggestions, then please raise an issue against the tool.
+
 ## How to contribute?
 Just submit Pull Request with your solutions.
 
diff --git a/challenge-034/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-034/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9aabf6867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-034/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature 'say';
+
+my @array = qw(a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog);
+
+#Using index
+say $array[4];
+
+#Using multiple indices
+my @sliced_array = @array[2,3];
+say @sliced_array;
+
+#Using range
+@sliced_array = @array[2..6];
+
+say @sliced_array;
+
+my $n = 0;
+my %hash = map { $_ => $n++ } @array;
+
+#Using one key
+say $hash{'jumps'};
+
+#Using array as keys
+say @hash{qw(jumps dog a)};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-034/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl b/challenge-034/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0c253f846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-034/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature 'say';
+
+my %table = ( 
+    add         => \&add,
+    subtract    => \&subtract,
+    multiply    => \&multiply,
+    divide      => \&divide
+);
+
+sub divide {
+    my ($m,$n) = @_;
+    say "Error: Divide by 0" if !$n;
+
+    return $m/$n;
+}
+
+sub add {
+    my ($m,$n) = @_;
+    return $m+$n;
+}
+
+sub subtract {
+    my ($m,$n) = @_;
+    return $m-$n;
+}
+
+sub multiply {
+    my ($m,$n) = @_;
+    return $m*$n;
+}
+
+my $commands = "add multiply subtract divide";
+my @operands = (43,6);
+for my $cmd ($commands=~/\w+/g) {
+    say "[$cmd]";
+    say $table{$cmd}->(@operands);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-035/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-035/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4eaa827c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-035/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature 'say';
+
+# Morse Code Char Set
+# dot: 1
+# dash: 111
+# intra-character gap: 0
+# character gap: 000
+# word gap: 0000000
+
+my %m_encode = ( 
+    0=>489335,
+    1=>96119, 
+    2=>22391, 
+    3=>5495,  
+    4=>1367,  
+    5=>341,   
+    6=>1877,  
+    7=>7637,  
+    8=>30581, 
+    9=>122333,
+    A=>23,    
+    B=>469,   
+    C=>1885,  
+    D=>117,   
+    E=>1,     
+    F=>349,
+    G=>477,
+    H=>85,
+    I=>5,
+    J=>6007,
+    K=>471,
+    L=>373,
+    M=>119,
+    N=>29,
+    O=>1911,
+    P=>1501,
+    Q=>7639,
+    R=>93,
+    S=>21,
+    T=>7,
+    U=>87,
+    V=>343,
+    W=>375,
+    X=>1879,
+    Y=>7543,
+    Z=>1909
+);
+
+my $string_to_encode = $ARGV[0] || "A QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG";
+
+sub encode {
+    my $string = uc pop;
+    return $string =~ 
+    #Insert # in between letters using \b
+    s/\B/#/gr =~ 
+    #Replace space which separate words, with @
+    s/ /@/gr =~ 
+    #Replace alphanumeric + _ matches with the morsecode from hash table
+    s/\w/sprintf "%b", $m_encode{$&}/gre =~ 
+    #Replace # with the assigned character gap
+    s/#/000/gr =~ 
+    #Replace @ with the assigned word gap
+    s/@/0000000/gr ;
+}
+
+my $encoded_string = encode($string_to_encode);
+
+say "Encoded Morse Code: ".$encoded_string;
+
+=begin
+perl .\ch-1.pl "just another perl hacker"
+Encoded Morse Code: 101110111011100010101110001010100011100000001011100011101000111011101110001110001010101000100010111010000000101110111010001000101110100010111010100000001010101000101110001110101110100011101011100010001011101
+=cut
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-035/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl b/challenge-035/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8f3f39e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-035/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature 'say';
+
+my %m_decode = ( 
+    "489335"  =>"0",
+    "96119"   =>"1",
+    "22391"   =>"2",
+    "5495"    =>"3",
+    "1367"    =>"4",
+    "341"     =>"5",
+    "1877"    =>"6",
+    "7637"    =>"7",
+    "30581"   =>"8",
+    "122333"  =>"9",
+    "23"      =>"A",
+    "469"     =>"B",
+    "1885"    =>"C",
+    "117"     =>"D",
+    "1"       =>"E",
+    "349"     =>"F",
+    "477"     =>"G",
+    "85"      =>"H",
+    "5"       =>"I",
+    "6007"    =>"J",
+    "471"     =>"K",
+    "373"     =>"L",
+    "119"     =>"M",
+    "29"      =>"N",
+    "1911"    =>"O",
+    "1501"    =>"P",
+    "7639"    =>"Q",
+    "93"      =>"R",
+    "21"      =>"S",
+    "7"       =>"T",
+    "87"      =>"U",
+    "343"     =>"V",
+    "375"     =>"W",
+    "1879"    =>"X",
+    "7543"    =>"Y",
+    "1909"    =>"Z"
+);
+
+my $string_to_decode = $ARGV[0] || "10111000000011101110101110001010111000101000111010111010001110101110000000111010101000101110100011101110111000101110111000111010000000101011101000111011101110001110101011100000001011101110111000101011100011101110001011101110100010101000000011101110111000101010111000100010111010000000111000101010100010000000101110101000101110001110111010100011101011101110000000111010100011101110111000111011101";
+
+sub decode {
+    my $string = pop =~
+    #Replace the assigned word gap with @
+    s/0000000/@/gr =~
+    #Replace the assigned char gap with #
+    s/000/#/gr =~
+    #Replace morse code with equivalent char from hash
+    s/[01]+/$m_decode{oct "b$&"}/gre =~
+    #Replace @ with space
+    s/@/ /gr =~
+    #Remove #'s
+    s/#//gr;
+    return $string
+}
+
+say "Decoded String: ".decode($string_to_decode);
+
+=begin
+perl .\ch-2.pl 101110111011100010101110001010100011100000001011100011101000111011101110001110001010101000100010111010000000101110111010001000101110100010111010100000001010101000101110001110101110100011101011100010001011101
+Decoded String: JUST ANOTHER PERL HACKER
+=cut
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-036/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-036/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94425694a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-036/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature 'say';
+
+if (@ARGV != 1) {
+    say "Usage:\n\tperl ch-1.pl <VIN>\n\n";
+} else {
+    my $vin = $ARGV[0];
+    if ($vin =~ /[OIQ]/i) {
+        say "Invalid VIN";
+    } else {
+        if ($vin =~ /^[A-Z0-9]{17}$/i) {
+            say "VIN is valid";
+        } else {
+            say "Invalid VIN";
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-036/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl b/challenge-036/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f207404be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-036/yet-ebreo/perl5/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use feature 'say';
+
+my %boxes = (
+    R => {w => 1,   v => 1},
+    B => {w => 1,   v => 2},
+    G => {w => 2,   v => 2},
+    Y => {w => 12,  v => 4},
+    P => {w => 4,   v => 10}
+);
+
+if (@ARGV < 2) {
+    die "Usage:\n\tperl ch-2.pl <max_item> <max_weight>\n\n";
+}
+my $max_item    = $ARGV[0];
+my $max_weight  = $ARGV[1];
+
+my @g_keys  = keys %boxes;
+my @g_wt    = map { $boxes{$_}{w} } @g_keys;
+my @g_val   = map { $boxes{$_}{v} } @g_keys;
+my $max     = 0;
+my $mask;
+
+for my $bitmask (1..2**@g_keys) {
+
+    my ($c_weight,$c_value,$c_item_cnt) = (0) x 3;
+
+    for my $p (0..~-@g_keys) {
+        if ($bitmask & 1<<$p) {
+            
+            if ((++$c_item_cnt <= $max_item) && ($c_weight + $boxes{$g_keys[$p]}{w} <= $max_weight)) {
+                $c_value    += $boxes{$g_keys[$p]}{v};
+                $c_weight   += $boxes{$g_keys[$p]}{w};
+            } 
+        }
+    }
+    if ($c_value > $max) {
+        $max  = $c_value;
+        $mask = $bitmask;
+    }
+}
+
+say "Color  Value   Weight";
+map { ($mask & 1 << $_) && printf ("$g_keys[$_]      %02d      %02d\n", $boxes{$g_keys[$_]}{v}, $boxes{$g_keys[$_]}{w}) } (0..~-@g_keys);
+say "Max Value: $max";
+=begin
+perl .\ch-2.pl 2 15
+Color  Value   Weight
+B      02      01
+P      10      04
+Max Value: 12
+
+perl .\ch-2.pl 5 15
+Color  Value   Weight
+G      02      02
+B      02      01
+P      10      04
+R      01      01
+Max Value: 15
+
+perl .\ch-2.pl 1 15
+Color  Value   Weight
+P      10      04
+Max Value: 10
+=cut
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/challenge-045/roger-bell-west/blog.txt b/challenge-045/roger-bell-west/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f134a2e023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-045/roger-bell-west/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+https://blog.firedrake.org/archive/2020/02/Perl_Weekly_Challenge_45__bad_codes_and_quines.html
diff --git a/challenge-046/roger-bell-west/blog.txt b/challenge-046/roger-bell-west/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c28a83383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-046/roger-bell-west/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+https://blog.firedrake.org/archive/2020/02/Perl_Weekly_Challenge_46__corrupt_messages_and_hotel_rooms.html
diff --git a/challenge-047/arne-sommer/raku/lib/Number/Roman.rakumod b/challenge-047/arne-sommer/raku/lib/Number/Roman.rakumod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1196448d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-047/arne-sommer/raku/lib/Number/Roman.rakumod
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use v6;
+use MONKEY-TYPING;
+
+unit module Number::Roman;
+
+our sub to-roman (Int $number is copy) is export(:to)
+{
+  my $string = "";
+  
+  while $number >= 1000 { $string ~= "M";  $number -= 1000; }
+  if $number >= 900     { $string ~= "CM"; $number -= 900; }
+  if $number >= 500     { $string ~= "D";  $number -= 500; }
+  if $number >= 400     { $string ~= "CD"; $number -= 400; }
+  while $number >= 100  { $string ~= "C";  $number -= 100; }
+  if $number >= 90      { $string ~= "XC"; $number -= 90; }
+  if $number >= 50      { $string ~= "L";  $number -= 50; }
+  if $number >= 40      { $string ~= "XL"; $number -= 40; }
+  while $number >= 10   { $string ~= "X";  $number -= 10; }
+  if $number >= 9       { $string ~= "IX"; $number -= 9; }
+  if $number >= 5       { $string ~= "V";  $number -= 5; }
+  if $number >= 4       { $string ~= "IV"; $number -= 4; }
+  while $number >= 1    { $string ~= "I";  $number -= 1; }
+
+  return $string;
+}
+
+my %value = (I => 1, V => 5, X => 10, L => 50, C => 100, D => 500, M => 1000);
+
+my Set $valid-roman = %value.keys.Set;
+
+my $current-value = Inf;
+
+our sub from-roman (Str $roman) is export(:from)
+{
+  my @digits = $roman.comb;
+
+  die "Non-Roman digit $_ detected." unless $valid-roman{$_} for @digits;
+
+  my $number = 0;
+
+  while @digits
+  {
+    my $current = @digits.shift;
+        
+    if @digits.elems
+    {
+      if %value{@digits[0]} > %value{$current}
+      {
+        $number += %value{@digits.shift} - %value{$current};
+        next;
+      }
+    }
+    $number += %value{$current};
+  }
+
+  return to-roman($number) eq $roman
+    ?? $number
+    !! die "Not a valid Roman Number: $roman";
+}
+
+augment class Int
+{
+  method roman
+  {
+    return to-roman(self);
+  }
+
+  multi method base ("r")
+  {
+    return self.roman;
+  }
+}
+
+augment class Str
+{
+  method from-roman
+  {
+    return from-roman(self);
+  }
+
+  multi method parse-base ("r")
+  {
+    return self.from-roman;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/challenge-047/arne-sommer/raku/lib/Number/Roman/OO.rakumod b/challenge-047/arne-sommer/raku/lib/Number/Roman/OO.rakumod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8bcda0733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-047/arne-sommer/raku/lib/Number/Roman/OO.rakumod
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use v6;
+
+use Number::Roman :to, :from;
+
+unit class Number::Roman::OO;
+
+has Int $.value;
+
+multi method new (Str $string) { self.bless(value => from-roman($string)) }
+multi method new($value)       { self.bless(:$value)                      }
+
+multi method add (Number::Roman::OO:D $obj) { return self.new(self.value + $obj.Int) }
+multi method add (Int $int) { return self.new(self.value - $int) }
+
+multi method sub (Number::Roman::OO:D $obj) { return self.new(self.value + $obj.Int) }
+multi method sub (Int $int) { return self.new(self.value - $int) }
+
+multi method mul (Number::Roman::OO:D $obj) { return self.new(self.value * $obj.Int) }
+multi method mul (Int $int) { return self.new(self.value * $int) }
+
+multi method div (Number::Roman::OO:D $obj) { return self.new(Int(self.value / $obj.Int)) }
+multi method div (Int $int) { return self.new(Int(self.value / $int)) }
+
+method Str  { to-roman(self.value) }
+method gist { to-roman(self.value) }
+method Int  { self.value }
+method Real { self.value }
+</