Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

52 files changed, 1360 insertions, 47 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-026/adam-russell/blog.txt b/challenge-026/adam-russell/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0d5a96b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/adam-russell/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+https://adamcrussell.livejournal.com/9318.html
diff --git a/challenge-026/adam-russell/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-026/adam-russell/perl5/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27b6048ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/adam-russell/perl5/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+##
+# Create a script that accepts two strings, let us call it them "stones" and "jewels".
+# It should print the count of the "alphabet" from "stones" found in "jewels". 
+##
+
+sub contains_remove{
+    my($c) = @_;  
+    return sub{
+        my($word) = @_;  
+        $word =~ s/$c//; 
+        return $word;     
+    }  
+} 
+
+sub make_checks{
+    my($word) = @_;
+    my @letters = split(//, $word);  
+    my @checks;
+    for my $c (@letters){
+        push @checks, contains_remove($c);  
+    } 
+    return @checks; 
+}
+
+sub check_jewels{
+    my($jewels, $checks) = @_;
+    my $count = 0; 
+    while(@{$checks}){   
+        my $check = pop @{$checks};
+        my $c = $check->($jewels);
+        $count += (length($jewels) - length($c));
+    }
+    return $count;  
+}  
+
+MAIN:{
+    my($stones, $jewels) = ($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
+    chomp($stones);
+    chomp($jewels);
+    my @checks = make_checks($stones); 
+    print check_jewels($jewels, \@checks) . "\n"; 
+}   
diff --git a/challenge-026/adam-russell/perl5/ch-2.pl b/challenge-026/adam-russell/perl5/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75d0e699c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/adam-russell/perl5/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+##
+# Create a script that prints mean angles of the given list of angles in degrees.
+##
+use constant PI => atan2(1,1) * 4; 
+
+sub deg2rad {
+    my($degrees) = @_;
+    return ($degrees / 180) * PI;
+}
+
+sub rad2deg {
+    my($radians) = @_;
+    return ($radians / PI) * 180;
+}
+
+sub compute_mean_angle{
+    my(@angles) = @_;
+    my $sum = 0; 
+    map { $sum += $_ } map { sin($_) } @angles;  
+    my $sin_mean = $sum / @angles; 
+    $sum = 0; 
+    map { $sum += $_ } map { cos($_) } @angles;  
+    my $cos_mean = $sum / @angles; 
+    return atan2($sin_mean, $cos_mean) if $sin_mean > 0 && $cos_mean > 0; 
+    return atan2($sin_mean, $cos_mean) + deg2rad(180) if $cos_mean < 0; 
+    return atan2($sin_mean, $cos_mean) + deg2rad(360) if $sin_mean < 0 && $cos_mean > 0; 
+}
+
+
+MAIN:{
+    my @angles = map { deg2rad($_) } @ARGV[0 .. (@ARGV - 1)]; 
+    print rad2deg(compute_mean_angle(@angles)) . "\n";
+} 
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/blog.txt b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd665e7af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+https://perl6.eu/string-angling.html
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/ch-1.p6 b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/ch-1.p6
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ab31fa021c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/ch-1.p6
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl6
+
+subset AtoZ of Str where /^ <[A .. Z a .. z]>+ $/;
+
+unit sub MAIN (AtoZ $alphabet, AtoZ $string);
+
+say ($alphabet.comb.Set ⊍ $string.comb.Bag).Int;
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/ch-2.p6 b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/ch-2.p6
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..916424e518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/ch-2.p6
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl6
+
+unit sub MAIN (*@angles);
+
+my \n    = @angles.elems;
+my @rad  = @angles.map(* * pi / 180);
+my \s    = @rad.map(*.sin).sum / n;
+my \c    = @rad.map(*.cos).sum / n;
+my $mean = atan2( s / c ) * 180 / pi;
+
+if    c < 0 { $mean += 180; }
+elsif s < 0 { $mean += 360; }
+
+say "mean: $mean";
+
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-loop b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-loop
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..67ffd13b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-loop
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl6
+
+unit sub MAIN (Str $alphabet, Str $string, :$verbose);
+
+my $count = 0;
+
+for $alphabet.comb.unique -> $letter
+{
+  my $current = $string.comb.grep(* eq $letter).elems;
+  $count += $current;
+  say "$letter:  $current" if $verbose;
+}
+
+say $count;
+
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-map b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-map
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..82b1280e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-map
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl6
+
+unit sub MAIN (Str $alphabet, Str $string);
+
+say $alphabet.comb.unique.map( { $string.comb.grep(* eq $_ ) } ).sum;
+
+
+
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-map-oneliner b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-map-oneliner
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a0e6945ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-map-oneliner
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl6
+
+say @*ARGS[0].comb.unique.map( { @*ARGS[1].comb.grep(* eq $_ ) } ).sum;
+
+
+
diff --git a/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-subset b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-subset
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..35d3000a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/arne-sommer/perl6/stringcounter-subset
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl6
+
+subset AtoZ of Str where /^ <[A .. Z a .. z]>+ $/;
+
+unit sub MAIN (AtoZ $alphabet, AtoZ $string);
+
+say $alphabet.comb.unique.map( { $string.comb.grep(* eq $_ ) } ).sum;
diff --git a/challenge-026/athanasius/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl5/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3682b69ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl5/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!perl
+
+################################################################################
+=comment
+
+Perl Weekly Challenge 026
+=========================
+
+Task #1
+-------
+Create a script that accepts two strings, let us call it, *"stones"* and
+*"jewels"*. It should print the count of "alphabet" from the string *"stones"*
+found in the string *"jewels"*. For example, if your *stones* is *"chancellor"*
+and *"jewels"* is *"chocolate"*, then the script should print *"8"*. To keep it
+simple, only A-Z,a-z characters are acceptable. Also make the comparison case
+sensitive.
+
+=cut
+################################################################################
+
+#--------------------------------------#
+# Copyright © 2019 PerlMonk Athanasius #
+#--------------------------------------#
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Const::Fast;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+const my $ALPHA  =>  qr{ [A-Za-z] }x;
+const my $STONES => 'chancellor';
+const my $JEWELS => 'chocolate';
+const my $USAGE  => "USAGE: perl $0 [--stones=<Str>] [--jewels=<Str>] " .
+                                   "[--show]\n";
+
+BEGIN
+{
+    $| = 1;
+    print "\n";
+}
+
+#===============================================================================
+MAIN:
+#===============================================================================
+{
+    my $stones = $STONES;
+    my $jewels = $JEWELS;
+    my $show   = 0;
+
+    GetOptions
+    (
+        'stones=s' => \$stones,
+        'jewels=s' => \$jewels,
+        'show'     => \$show,
+
+    ) or die $USAGE;
+
+    my $count  = 0;
+    my %jewels = map { $_ => undef } grep { /$ALPHA/ } split //, $jewels;
+
+    # Count each letter in the "stones" string if and only if it also occurs
+    # (anywhere, but at least once) in the "jewels" string
+
+    my @letters if $show;
+
+    for my $letter (grep { /$ALPHA/ } split //, $stones)
+    {
+        if (exists $jewels{$letter})
+        {
+            ++$count ;
+            push(@letters, $letter) if $show;
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $width = length $count;
+
+    printf "%*d of the letters in the Stones string \"%s\"\n" .
+           "%*s     also occur%s in the Jewels string \"%s\"\n",
+            $width, $count, $stones,
+           ($count == 1 ? $width - 1 : $width), '',
+           ($count == 1 ?    's'     :   ''  ), $jewels;
+
+    print('namely (', join(', ', @letters), ")\n") if $show;
+}
+
+################################################################################
diff --git a/challenge-026/athanasius/perl5/ch-2.pl b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl5/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4083d0ce86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl5/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!perl
+
+################################################################################
+=comment
+
+Perl Weekly Challenge 026
+=========================
+
+Task #2
+-------
+Create a script that prints *mean angles* of the given list of angles in
+degrees. Please read [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_of_circular_quantities
+|wiki page] that explains the formula in details with an example.
+
+=cut
+################################################################################
+
+#--------------------------------------#
+# Copyright © 2019 PerlMonk Athanasius #
+#--------------------------------------#
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use utf8;
+use Const::Fast;
+use Data::Types qw( is_float );
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+const my $PI    => 4 * atan2(1, 1);
+const my $USAGE =>
+    "USAGE:\n  perl $0 [<angles> ...]\n" .
+            "  perl $0 -- [<angles> ...] (to include +/- prefixes)\n" .
+            "  perl $0 [--filename=<Str>]\n";
+
+BEGIN
+{
+    $| = 1;
+    print "\n";
+}
+
+#===============================================================================
+MAIN:
+#===============================================================================
+{
+    # Parse the command line
+
+    GetOptions('file=s' => \my $file)
+        or  die $USAGE;
+
+    defined $file && scalar @ARGV > 0
+        and die "ERROR: Found filename as well as angle(s)\n$USAGE";
+
+    # Read and validate the input data
+
+    my @angles = defined $file ? read_file($file) : @ARGV;
+
+    scalar @angles > 0
+        or  die $USAGE;
+
+    for my $angle (@angles)
+    {
+        is_float($angle)
+            or die "ERROR: Invalid angle \"$angle\"\n$USAGE";
+    }
+
+    # Calculate and display the circular mean
+
+    printf "The circular mean of the angle%s\n  (%s)\nis %s°\n",
+            scalar @angles == 1 ? '' : 's',
+            join(', ',  map { "$_°" }  @angles),
+            sprintf find_circular_mean(@angles);
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub read_file
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my  @angles;
+
+    open my $fh, '<', $file
+        or die "Cannot open file \"$file\" for reading, stopped";
+
+    # File format: one angle (in degrees) per line; blank lines are ignored
+
+    while (my $line = <$fh>)
+    {
+        $line =~ s/ ^ \s+   //x;  # trim leading  whitespace
+        $line =~ s/   \s+ $ //x;  # trim trailing whitespace (including newline)
+
+        next if $line eq '';
+
+        push @angles, $line;
+    }
+
+    close $fh
+        or die "Cannot close file \"$file\", stopped";
+
+    return @angles;
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub find_circular_mean
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    # The circular mean (in radians) is given by the formula:
+    #
+    #     atan2( 1/n ∑ [j=1..n] sin α_j, 1/n ∑ [j=1..n] cos α_j )
+
+    my @angles         = @_;
+    my $sum_of_sines   = 0;
+    my $sum_of_cosines = 0;
+
+    for my $degrees (@angles)
+    {
+        my $radians      = $degrees * ($PI / 180);
+        $sum_of_sines   += sin $radians;              # build ∑ [j=1..n] sin α_j
+        $sum_of_cosines += cos $radians;              # build ∑ [j=1..n] cos α_j
+    }
+
+    my $n = scalar @angles;
+
+    return atan2($sum_of_sines / $n, $sum_of_cosines / $n) * (180 / $PI);
+}
+
+################################################################################
diff --git a/challenge-026/athanasius/perl6/ch-1.p6 b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl6/ch-1.p6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29f9663afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl6/ch-1.p6
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use v6;
+
+################################################################################
+=begin comment
+
+Perl Weekly Challenge 026
+=========================
+
+Task #1
+-------
+Create a script that accepts two strings, let us call it, *"stones"* and
+*"jewels"*. It should print the count of "alphabet" from the string *"stones"*
+found in the string *"jewels"*. For example, if your *stones* is *"chancellor"*
+and *"jewels"* is *"chocolate"*, then the script should print *"8"*. To keep it
+simple, only A-Z,a-z characters are acceptable. Also make the comparison case
+sensitive.
+
+=end comment
+################################################################################
+
+#--------------------------------------#
+# Copyright © 2019 PerlMonk Athanasius #
+#--------------------------------------#
+
+my Regex constant $ALPHA  =  rx{ <[A..Za..z]> };
+my Str   constant $STONES = 'chancellor';
+my Str   constant $JEWELS = 'chocolate';
+
+BEGIN say '';
+
+#===============================================================================
+sub MAIN
+#===============================================================================
+(
+    Str:D  :$stones = $STONES,      #= The "stones" string
+    Str:D  :$jewels = $JEWELS,      #= The "jewels" string
+    Bool:D :$show   = False,        #= Show the matching letters?
+)
+{
+    my UInt $count  = 0;
+    my Nil  %jewels = $jewels.split('').grep( { $ALPHA } ).map( { $_ => Nil } );
+
+    # Count each letter in the "stones" string if and only if it also occurs
+    # (anywhere, but at least once) in the "jewels" string
+
+    my Str @letters if $show;
+
+    for $stones.split('').grep( { $ALPHA } ) -> Str $letter
+    {
+        if %jewels{$letter}:exists
+        {
+            ++$count;
+            @letters.push($letter) if $show;
+        }
+    }
+
+    my UInt $width = $count.chars;
+
+    ("%*d of the letters in the Stones string \"%s\"\n" ~
+     "%*s     also occur%s in the Jewels string \"%s\"\n").printf:
+        $width, $count, $stones,
+       ($count == 1 ?? $width - 1 !! $width), '',
+       ($count == 1 ??    's'     !!   ''  ), $jewels;
+
+    "namely ({ @letters.join(', ') })".say if $show && @letters.elems;
+}
+
+################################################################################
diff --git a/challenge-026/athanasius/perl6/ch-2.p6 b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl6/ch-2.p6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..612b67c15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/athanasius/perl6/ch-2.p6
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+use v6;
+
+################################################################################
+=begin comment
+
+Perl Weekly Challenge 026
+=========================
+
+Task #2
+-------
+Create a script that prints *mean angles* of the given list of angles in
+degrees. Please read [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_of_circular_quantities
+|wiki page] that explains the formula in details with an example.
+
+=end comment
+################################################################################
+
+#--------------------------------------#
+# Copyright © 2019 PerlMonk Athanasius #
+#--------------------------------------#
+
+BEGIN say '';
+
+#===============================================================================
+multi sub MAIN(Str:D :$file)           #= Data file containing angles (degrees),
+                                       #= one per line
+#===============================================================================
+{
+    my Real @angles;
+
+    for $file.IO.lines
+    {
+        my $line = $_;
+
+        $line ~~ s/ ^^ \s+ //;
+        $line ~~ s/ \s+ $$ //;
+
+        next unless $line.chars > 0;
+
+        use fatal;
+
+        @angles.push: val($line, :val-or-fail);
+    }
+
+    MAIN(@angles);
+
+    CATCH
+    {
+        when X::Str::Numeric
+        {
+            $*ERR.say: "In file \"$file\":\n{ .message }\n$*USAGE";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class X::Mean-Angles::No-Angles is Exception
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    method message(--> Str:D)
+    {
+        return 'No angles found';
+    }
+}
+
+#===============================================================================
+multi sub MAIN(*@angles)                  #= One or more angles (all in degrees)
+#===============================================================================
+{
+    my Real:D @real-angles = @angles;
+
+    @real-angles.elems > 0
+        or X::Mean-Angles::No-Angles.new.throw;
+
+    # Calculate and display the circular mean
+
+    $*OUT.encoding('windows-1252');
+
+    "The circular mean of the angle%s\n  (%s)\nis %.1f°\n".printf:
+        @angles.elems == 1 ?? '' !! 's',
+        @angles.map( { "$_°" } ).join(', '),
+        find-circular-mean(@angles);
+
+    CATCH
+    {
+        when X::TypeCheck::Assignment
+        {
+            $*ERR.say: .message ~ "\n$*USAGE";
+        }
+
+        when X::Mean-Angles::No-Angles
+        {
+            $*ERR.say: .message ~ "\n$*USAGE";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+sub find-circular-mean(*@angles --> Real:D)
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{
+    # The circular mean (in radians) is given by the formula:
+    #
+    #     atan2( 1/n ∑ [j=1..n] sin α_j, 1/n ∑ [j=1..n] cos α_j )
+
+    my Real $sum-of-sines   = 0;
+    my Real $sum-of-cosines = 0;
+
+    for @angles -> Real $degrees
+    {
+        my Real $radians = $degrees * (π / 180);
+        $sum-of-sines   += $radians.sin;              # build ∑ [j=1..n] sin α_j
+        $sum-of-cosines += $radians.cos;              # build ∑ [j=1..n] cos α_j
+    }
+
+    my UInt $n = @angles.elems;
+
+    return ($sum-of-sines / $n).atan2($sum-of-cosines / $n) * (180 / π);
+}
+
+################################################################################
diff --git a/challenge-026/colin-crain/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-026/colin-crain/perl5/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8850b2c724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-026/colin-crain/perl5/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#! /opt/local/bin/perl
+#
+#       stones_and_jewels.pl
+