- Added solutions by Burkhard Nickels.

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diff --git a/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/blog.txt b/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/blog.txt
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+http://46.91.236.80:81/www/Perl/PWC/20191028_32/pwc32.html
diff --git a/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/perl5/ch-1.pl b/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/perl5/ch-1.pl
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+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use Term::Size::Perl qw(chars pixels);
+
+=head1 Perl Weekly Challenge #32
+
+This week PWC shall count the number of occurence of terms in a list
+and in Task #1 print the result to STDOUT.
+Than in Task #2 a bar graph of the number shall be printed.
+
+For both I created a simple solution in one function. For task #1 I
+also showed a one-liner.
+
+Then I saw it as one solution with different input, different sorting
+and also different output methods:
+
+=over 3
+
+=item * Input: Files or STDIN.
+
+=item * Sorting: Unsorted or per Name or Value.
+
+=item * Output: And/Or List, CSV, Bar, Percentage.
+
+=back
+
+=begin html
+
+<b>Download File:</b><a href="pwc32.pl" download>Solution PWC #32 pwc32.pl</a>
+
+=end html
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ # perldoc pwc32.pl    	- POD
+ # ./pwc32.pl html    	- HTML/CSS in pwc32.html/pwc32.css
+ # ./pwc32.pl help    	- Usage information
+
+ ./pwc32.pl <command> [<options>] [<files>]
+
+  command, help|html|task1|task2|simple
+     help, prints out some usage information.
+     html, writes HTML and CSS from POD to pwc32.html and pwc32.css.
+     task1, solution for task #1, reads from only one file.
+     task2, solution for task #2, reads from only one file.
+     simple, actual solution for task #1 and #2.
+  options, control over simple solution.
+     --sort=name|value, sorting of name, value or unsorted (default).
+     --list, output in list form.
+     --csv, output in CSV format.
+     --bar, output in bar form.
+     --pct, output in bar form with percentage.
+  files, list of filenames with items.
+     if no files are given, command line allows typing items.
+     command line can be used several times to add items.
+     command line can be aborted with <ctrl>-c.
+
+  Examples:
+     # ./pwc32.pl help
+     # ./pwc32.pl html
+     # ./pwc32.pl task1 example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl task2 example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -b -l -c -p example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -bar -list -csv -pct example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple --bar --list --csv --pct example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -p example.txt example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -p
+
+=cut
+
+# ====================== TASK 1 ==============================
+
+=head1 Definition Task #1: Count number of occurence of items
+
+Create a script that either reads standard input or one or more files specified
+on the command-line. Count the number of times and then print a summary, sorted
+by the count of each entry.
+
+So with the following input in file example.txt
+
+ apple
+ banana
+ apple
+ cherry
+ cherry
+ apple
+
+the script would display something like:
+
+ apple     3
+ cherry    2
+ banana    1
+
+For extra credit, add a -csv option to your script, which would generate:
+
+ apple,3
+ cherry,2
+ banana,1
+
+=cut
+
+# ====================== TASK 2 ==============================
+
+=head1 Definition Task #2: ASCII bar chart
+
+Write a function that takes a hashref where the keys are labels and the values are
+integer or floating point values. Generate a bar graph of the data and display it to stdout.
+
+The input could be something like:
+
+ $data = { apple => 3, cherry => 2, banana => 1 };
+ generate_bar_graph($data);
+
+And would then generate something like this:
+
+ apple  | ############
+ cherry | ########
+ banana | ####
+
+If you fancy then please try this as well:
+(a) the function could let you specify whether the chart should be ordered by
+(1) the labels, or (2) the values.
+
+=cut
+
+
+# ====================== Simple Solution TASK 1 ==============================
+
+sub task1_simple {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my %sum;
+    open(my $fh,$file) or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+    my @items = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+    foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+    my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { print "$i\t$sum{$i}\n"; }
+}
+
+sub task1_one_liner {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    qx[ perl -lne '\$sum{\$_}++; END { foreach( sort { \$sum{\$b} <=> \$sum{\$a} } keys %sum ) { print "\$i\t\$sum{\$i}"; } }' $file ];
+}
+
+=head1 Solution Task #1:
+
+=head2 Simple solution
+
+In the first simple solution the content of the file is read into an array.
+Each string is made a hash key with increased value for every occurence.
+Than the hash key is sorted with the sort() function dependant on the value
+and each element is printed according to the sorted keys.
+
+Read Filename from Arg, open file and read content to array:
+
+ my $file = shift @ARGV or die "No file given!\n";
+ open(my $fh,"$file") or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+ my @items = <$fh>;
+ close $fh;
+
+Loop over all read items and create hash with item as key and value
+as number of occurence:
+
+ my %sum;
+ foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+
+Sort keys of hash according to values of hash with sort() function:
+
+ my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+
+Print each key/value of hash according to sorted keys array:
+
+ foreach my $i (@sorted) { print "$i\t$sum{$i}\n"; }
+
+The first simple solution for Task #1 is executed with the following command.
+
+ # ./pwc32.pl task1 example.txt
+ apple    3
+ cherry    2
+ banana    1
+
+=head2 As one-liner
+
+This whole thing, explained above, can be changed into an one-liner for the command line:
+
+ perl -lne '$sum{$_}++; END { foreach( sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum ) { print "$i\t$sum{$i}"; } }' example.txt
+
+The options C<-lne> are documented in C<perldoc perlrun>.
+
+=over 2
+
+=item * -l automatically chomps the input separator when used together with -n or -p. And adds the output separator to each print statement.
+
+=item * -n iterates with a loop over the content of the given file.
+
+=item * -e executes the following perl commands.
+
+=back
+
+=cut
+
+# ====================== Simple Solution TASK 1 ==============================
+
+sub task2_simple {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my %sum;
+    open(my $fh,$file) or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+    my @items = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+    foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+    my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i}); }
+}
+
+=head1 Solution Task #2: Simple solution
+
+The solution for Task #2 in one function is similar to the solution for
+Task #1. Only that the output is printing a bar.
+
+ printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i});
+
+The "x" Operator is used to print a number of "#" hash signs. For the output
+the printf() functions is used, because it allows to specify the length of
+each printed string.
+
+The whole function with reading file, calculating the sum, sorting the values
+and printing the sorted list is as follows:
+
+ sub task2_simple {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my %sum;
+    open(my $fh,$file) or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+    my @items = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+    foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+    my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i}); }
+ }
+
+The Task #2 can be executed with the following command:
+
+ # ./pwc32.pl task2 example.txt
+     apple: ###
+    cherry: ##
+    banana: #
+
+=head1 Solution Task #1/#2: Different Input, Sorting, Output
+
+In our comprehensive solution we put together the different ways for
+input (STDIN and Files), sorting (unsorted, name or value) and output
+(list, csv, bar, percentage).
+
+All this needs a more comprehensive main program, that evaluates the
+options and calls the necessary functions according to the options.
+
+Some extracts from the main program:
+
+=over 3
+
+=item * Read first option, the command from argument array @ARGV.
+
+ my $command = shift @ARGV;    	# Read command
+
+=item * Read further options for sorting and output with module Getopt::Long.
+
+ my %opts = ( sort => "", list => 0, bar => 0, csv => 0 );
+ my $o = GetOptions ( # Read options
+    "sort=s" => \$opts{sort},
+    "list"   => \$opts{list},
+    "bar"    => \$opts{bar},
+    "csv"    => \$opts{csv},
+    "pct"    => \$opts{pct},
+ );
+ if(!$o) { usage(); die("Error in command line arguments.\n"); }
+
+=item * For command "simple", do either File input or STDIN input. Then call the
+functions to calculate the sum, sort the list and print to stdout. The functions
+are explained below in details.
+
+ if($command eq "simple") {     # Read from one or more Files
+    if( $ARGV[0] and -f $ARGV[0] ) {
+    	my $items = read_files();
+    	sum_up($items);			# Calculate Sum of items
+    	sorting($opts{sort});	# Sort items: name, value or unsorted
+    	output(\%opts);			# Output items: list, csv, bar, percentage
+    }
+    else {
+    	while(1) {						# Command line loop
+    		my $list = readstdin();		# Read from STDIN
+    		next if ! $list;
+    		sum_up($list);				# Calculate Sum of items
+    		sorting($opts{sort});		# Sort items: name, value or unsorted
+    		output(\%opts);				# Output items: list, csv, bar, percentage
+    	}
+    }
+ }
+
+=back
+
+=cut
+
+# ======================= Main Program ================================
+
+# ----------------- Global Vars -----------------
+my %sum;    # Hash for sum of items
+my %pct;    # Hash for percentage values
+my %blk;    # Hash for number of blocks in bar
+my @sorted;    # Sorted array of Hash Keys
+my $separator;    # Separator for "list" (\t) or "csv" (,).
+my $max;    	# Max Value for percentage bar, calculated from Term width.
+
+# ----------------- Main program -----------------
+print "pwc32.pl (Version 1.0): List number of items.\n";
+
+my $command = shift @ARGV;    	# Read command
+
+# -- Verify file for 3 simple commands "one", "task1" and "task2"
+if($command eq "one" or $command eq "task1" or $command eq "task2") {
+    if(! $ARGV[0]) { die "Error: Missing file name!\n"; }
+    if(! -f $ARGV[0]) { die "Error: File does not exist $ARGV[0]!\n"; }
+}
+
+# -- Execution of simple commands -----------------
+if(! $command) { usage(); exit 0; }    			# if no command print usage
+elsif($command eq "html") { html(); exit 0; }    # if command html or help
+elsif($command eq "help") { usage(); exit 0; }
+
+# -- Simple commands with one file as arg ----------
+elsif($command eq "one") { task1_one_liner($ARGV[0]); exit 0; }
+elsif($command eq "task1") { task1_simple($ARGV[0]); exit 0; }
+elsif($command eq "task2") { task2_simple($ARGV[0]); exit 0; }
+
+# -- Options for "simple" command
+my %opts = ( sort => "", list => 0, bar => 0, csv => 0 );
+my $o = GetOptions ( # Read options
+    "sort=s" => \$opts{sort},
+    "list"   => \$opts{list},
+    "bar"    => \$opts{bar},
+    "csv"    => \$opts{csv},
+    "pct"    => \$opts{pct},
+);
+if(!$o) { usage(); die("Error in command line arguments.\n"); }
+
+# -- "simple" command with different input, sorting and output.
+if($command eq "simple") {     # Read from one or more Files
+    if( $ARGV[0] and -f $ARGV[0] ) {
+    	my $items = read_files();
+    	sum_up($items);			# Calculate Sum of items
+    	sorting($opts{sort});	# Sort items: name, value or unsorted
+    	output(\%opts);			# Output items: list, csv, bar, percentage
+    }
+    else {
+    	while(1) {						# Command line loop
+    		my $list = readstdin();		# Read from STDIN
+    		next if ! $list;
+    		sum_up($list);				# Calculate Sum of items
+    		sorting($opts{sort});		# Sort items: name, value or unsorted
+    		output(\%opts);				# Output items: list, csv, bar, percentage
+    	}
+    }
+}
+
+# ======================= Input of Item List =====================
+
+=head1 Input of Item List
+
+Two different ways of input is required. First input from one or more
+files and second input from STDIN. I created 3 function for the input.
+
+=head2 readstdin()
+
+In the redstdin() function a list is typed on the command line.
+The list is splitted with the split() function into an array.
+An array ref from the list is returned.
+
+ sub readstdin {
+    print "Type list (Ctrl-c)> ";		# Print prompt
+    my $read = <STDIN>;					# Read from stdin
+    chomp($read);						# Eleminate Newline
+    my @list = split(" ",$read);		# Create Array
+    return \@list;						# Return Items
+ }
+
+=head2 read_files()
+
+The rest of the command line arguments array @ARGV is iterated in
+a while loop. Each file is read with the read_file() function. Than
+the items are pushed to the @items array. An array ref of the @items
+is returned.
+
+ sub read_files {
+    my @items;
+    while( my $file = shift @ARGV ) {	# Iterate @ARGV
+    	my $i = read_file($file);		# Read each file
+    	push(@items,@$i);				# Push to Items.
+    }
+    return \@items;                     # Return Items
+ }
+
+=head2 read_file()
+
+The input argument is one filename. The file is opened, read at once
+into an array, closed. Than the Items are returned.
+
+ sub read_file {
+    my ($file) = @_;                                   # IN: Filename
+    open(my $fh,"$file") or die "Cant open $file!\n";  # Open file
+    my @items = <$fh>;                                 # Read whole file in array
+    close $fh;                                         # Close file
+    return \@items;                                    # Return Items
+ }
+
+=cut
+
+# --- Read from STDIN a list of items and return an array ref of the items
+sub readstdin {
+    print "Type list (Ctrl-c)> ";		# Print prompt
+    my $read = <STDIN>; 				# Read stdin
+    chomp($read);						# Eleminate Newline
+    my @list = split(" ",$read);		# Split List
+    return \@list;						# Return Items
+}
+# --- Read from a list of files
+sub read_files {
+    my @items;
+    while( my $file = shift @ARGV ) {	# Iterate @ARGV
+    	my $i = read_file($file);		# Read each file
+    	push(@items,@$i);				# Push Items to Array
+    }
+    return \@items;						# Return Items.
+}
+# --- Read from one file
+sub read_file {
+    my ($file) = @_;        # IN: Filename
+    open(my $fh,"$file") or die "Cant open $file!\n"; # Open file
+    my @items = <$fh>;      # Read whole file in array
+    close $fh;              # Close file
+    return \@items;         # Return Items
+}
+
+# ====================== Calculate the Sum ==============================
+
+=head1 Calculate the Sum
+
+The number of occurences of each item is calculated with an iteration
+over each item and incrementing a counter for each item.
+
+=head2 sum_up($items)
+
+The iteration is done with a foreach loop. Than each hash element of
+%sum is incremented.
+
+ sub sum_up {
+    my ($items) = @_;
+    foreach my $i (@$items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+ }
+
+=cut
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+sub sum_up {
+    my ($items) = @_;
+    foreach my $i (@$items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+}
+
+# ======================= Sorting of Item List =====================
+
+=head1 Sorting of Item List
+
+The Item list can be sorted with the C<--sort=name|value> option.
+When the option is not given than an unsorted list is printed.
+
+=head2 sorting($sort)
+
+The $sort option can be "name" or "value" or the list is unsorted.
+The sorting is done with the C<sort()> function.
+
+ @sorted = keys %sum;
+
+Only the keys of the %sum hash are assigned to the @sorted array.
+
+ @sorted = sort keys %sum;
+
+The keys of the %sum hash are alphabetically sorted with the sort function.
+
+ @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+
+The values of the %sum hash are sorted with the sort function. For details
+on the sort function see C<perldoc -f sort>.
+
+The sorting() function is doing the sort according to the given option.
+
+ sub sorting {
+    my ($sort) = @_; # "name|value" default "unsorted"
+
+    if($sort eq "name") {
+    	@sorted = sort keys %sum;
+    }
+    elsif($sort eq "value") {
+    	@sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    }
+    else {
+    	@sorted = keys %sum;
+    }
+ }
+
+=cut
+
+sub sorting {
+    my ($sort) = @_; # "name|value" default "unsorted"
+
+    if($sort eq "name") {
+    	@sorted = sort keys %sum;
+    }
+    elsif($sort eq "value") {
+    	@sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    }
+    else {
+    	@sorted = keys %sum;
+    }
+}
+
+# ======================= Output of Item List =====================
+
+=head1 Output of Item List
+
+For the output four different lists are possible:
+
+=over 3
+
+=item * List of items and numbers separated by TABS.
+
+=item * List of items and numbers as CSV.
+
+=item * List of items with Bars.
+
+=item * List of items with Bars in Percentage Values.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 output($options)
+
+According to the options C<--list>, C<--csv>, C<--bar> and C<--pct> the
+lists are printed. All lists can be printed when all options are set.
+If none of the options is set than the default list is printed.
+
+ sub output {
+    my ($o) = @_;	# IN: Option Hash Ref: \%opts
+
+    if($o->{bar}) { print_bar(); }
+    if($o->{pct}) { calculate_pct(); print_pct(); }
+    if($o->{list}) { $separator = "\t"; print_list(); }
+    if($o->{csv})  { $separator = ",";  print_list(); }
+    if(!$o->{list} and !$o->{bar} and !$o->{csv} and !$o->{pct}) {
+    	$separator = "\t"; print_list();
+    }
+ }
+
+=head2 print_bar()
+
+Prints an ascii bar according to a sorted list. The C<x> Operator is used
+to print a "#" hash char for each value of each items sum.
+
+ sub print_bar {
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i}); }
+ }
+
+=head2 print_list()
+
+Prints a list of items according to a sorted list.
+
+ sub print_list {
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { print "$i$separator$sum{$i}\n"; }
+ }
+
+=head2 print_pct()
+
+Prints a bar with percentage values according to a sorted list.
+@sorted contains a sorted list of items, %sum contains the sum
+of each item, %pct contains each percentage value, %blk contains
+each length of the bar.
+
+ sub print_pct {
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) {
+    	printf("%-10s (%2d): %-${max}s| %3.2f %%\n", $i,
+    		$sum{$i}, ('#' x $blk{$i}), $pct{$i});
+    }
+ }
+
+=head2 calculate_pct()
+
+Calculates a percentage value of each item. The sum of all items
+is 100%, this value is stored in the hash %pct. Also the width of
+the terminal is determined with module Term::Size::Perl and function
+chars() that returns the width of the terminal. The width is used
+to adapt the blocks to the available width, this is stored in Hash %blk.
+
+ sub calculate_pct {
+    my $s;                        # Sum of all items
+    foreach my $i (keys %sum) { $s += $sum{$i}; }
+    my $width = chars();          # Width of terminal
+    $max = int($width/2);         # Max is half of terminal width
+    foreach my $i (keys %sum) {   # Calculate each percentage value
+    	$pct{$i} = $sum{$i} * 100 / $s;
+    	$blk{$i} = int( $sum{$i} * $max / $s );
+    }
+ }
+
+=cut
+
+sub output {
+    my ($o) = @_;	# IN: Option Hash Ref: \%opts
+
+    if($o->{bar}) { print_bar(); }
+    if($o->{pct}) { calculate_pct(); print_pct(); }
+    if($o->{list}) { $separator = "\t"; print_list(); }
+    if($o->{csv})  { $separator = ",";  print_list(); }
+    if(!$o->{list} and !$o->{bar} and !$o->{csv} and !$o->{pct}) {
+    	$separator = "\t"; print_list();
+    }
+}
+
+sub print_bar {
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i}); }
+}
+sub print_list {
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { print "$i$separator$sum{$i}\n"; }
+}
+sub print_pct {
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) {
+    	printf("%-10s (%2d): %-${max}s| %3.2f %%\n", $i,
+    		$sum{$i}, ('#' x $blk{$i}), $pct{$i});
+    }
+}
+
+sub calculate_pct {
+    my $s;
+    foreach my $i (keys %sum) { $s += $sum{$i}; } # Sum of all items
+    my $width = term_size(); # Width of terminal
+    $max = int($width/2);    # Max is half width
+    foreach my $i (keys %sum) {
+    	$pct{$i} = $sum{$i} * 100 / $s; # Calculate each percentage value
+    	$blk{$i} = int( $sum{$i} * $max / $s ); # Calculate each number blocks
+    }
+    # print "DEBUG: Sum $s, Max $max, Width $width\n";
+}
+
+sub term_size { # Return width of terminal with module Term::Size::Perl chars() function
+    my $width   = chars();
+    my ($c, $r) = Term::Size::Perl::chars;
+    my ($x, $y) = Term::Size::Perl::pixels;
+    # print "Term Size: $width, $c, $r ($x, $y)\n";
+    return $width;
+}
+
+# ================================ Usage ============================
+sub usage {
+    print "./pwc32.pl <command> [<options>] [<files>]\n";
+    print "\n";
+    print "   command, help|html|task1|task2|simple \n";
+    print "      help, prints out some usage information.\n";
+    print "      html, writes HTML and CSS from POD to pwc32.html and pwc32.css.\n";
+    print "      task1, solution for task #1, reads from only one file.\n";
+    print "      task2, solution for task #2, reads from only one file.\n";
+    print "      simple, \n";
+    print "   options, control over simple solution.\n";
+    print "      --sort=name|value, sorting of name, value or unsorted (default).\n";
+    print "      --list, output in list form.\n";
+    print "      --csv, output in CSV format.\n";
+    print "      --bar, output in bar form.\n";
+    print "      --pct, output in bar form with percentage.\n";
+    print "   files, list of filenames with items.\n";
+    print "      if no files are given, command line allows typing items.\n";
+    print "      command line can be used several times to add items.\n";
+    print "      command line can be aborted with <ctrl>-c.\n";
+    print "\n";
+    print "   Examples:\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl help\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl html\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl task1 example.txt\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl task2 example.txt\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl simple -b -l -c -p example.txt\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl simple -bar -list -csv -pct example.txt\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl simple --bar --list --csv --pct example.txt\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl simple -p example.txt example.txt\n";
+    print "      # ./pwc32.pl simple -p\n";
+}
+
+sub html {
+    # ------------- Create HTML --------------
+    qx[ pod2html --header --title \"Perl Weekly Challenge #32, Number of occurences and bar chart\" --css \"pwc32.css\" pwc32.pl > pwc32.html ];
+
+    # ------------- Create CSS --------------
+    my $CSS =<<CSS;
+body { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width:80%; }
+h1   { border-bottom:4px solid red; }
+h2   { border-bottom:2px solid orange; }
+pre  { border:2px solid grey; background-color:#eef; padding:10px; }
+li   { padding:5px; }
+a    { text-decoration:none; color:black; padding:4px; }
+a:hover { background-color: brown; color:white; }
+._podblock_ { width:100%; background-color:black; color:white; padding:10px; }
+CSS
+
+    open(CSS, ">pwc32.css") or die "Cant open pwc32.css!\n";
+    print CSS $CSS;
+    close CSS;
+}
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Chuck
+
+=cut
+
+# ############################## END #############################################
+
diff --git a/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/perl5/ch-2.pl b/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/perl5/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea0625fb44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-032/burkhard-nickels/perl5/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use Term::Size::Perl qw(chars pixels);
+
+=head1 Perl Weekly Challenge #32
+
+This week PWC shall count the number of occurence of terms in a list
+and in Task #1 print the result to STDOUT.
+Than in Task #2 a bar graph of the number shall be printed.
+
+For both I created a simple solution in one function. For task #1 I
+also showed a one-liner.
+
+Then I saw it as one solution with different input, different sorting
+and also different output methods:
+
+=over 3
+
+=item * Input: Files or STDIN.
+
+=item * Sorting: Unsorted or per Name or Value.
+
+=item * Output: And/Or List, CSV, Bar, Percentage.
+
+=back
+
+=begin html
+
+<b>Download File:</b><a href="pwc32.pl" download>Solution PWC #32 pwc32.pl</a>
+
+=end html
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ # perldoc pwc32.pl    	- POD
+ # ./pwc32.pl html    	- HTML/CSS in pwc32.html/pwc32.css
+ # ./pwc32.pl help    	- Usage information
+
+ ./pwc32.pl <command> [<options>] [<files>]
+
+  command, help|html|task1|task2|simple
+     help, prints out some usage information.
+     html, writes HTML and CSS from POD to pwc32.html and pwc32.css.
+     task1, solution for task #1, reads from only one file.
+     task2, solution for task #2, reads from only one file.
+     simple, actual solution for task #1 and #2.
+  options, control over simple solution.
+     --sort=name|value, sorting of name, value or unsorted (default).
+     --list, output in list form.
+     --csv, output in CSV format.
+     --bar, output in bar form.
+     --pct, output in bar form with percentage.
+  files, list of filenames with items.
+     if no files are given, command line allows typing items.
+     command line can be used several times to add items.
+     command line can be aborted with <ctrl>-c.
+
+  Examples:
+     # ./pwc32.pl help
+     # ./pwc32.pl html
+     # ./pwc32.pl task1 example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl task2 example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -b -l -c -p example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -bar -list -csv -pct example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple --bar --list --csv --pct example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -p example.txt example.txt
+     # ./pwc32.pl simple -p
+
+=cut
+
+# ====================== TASK 1 ==============================
+
+=head1 Definition Task #1: Count number of occurence of items
+
+Create a script that either reads standard input or one or more files specified
+on the command-line. Count the number of times and then print a summary, sorted
+by the count of each entry.
+
+So with the following input in file example.txt
+
+ apple
+ banana
+ apple
+ cherry
+ cherry
+ apple
+
+the script would display something like:
+
+ apple     3
+ cherry    2
+ banana    1
+
+For extra credit, add a -csv option to your script, which would generate:
+
+ apple,3
+ cherry,2
+ banana,1
+
+=cut
+
+# ====================== TASK 2 ==============================
+
+=head1 Definition Task #2: ASCII bar chart
+
+Write a function that takes a hashref where the keys are labels and the values are
+integer or floating point values. Generate a bar graph of the data and display it to stdout.
+
+The input could be something like:
+
+ $data = { apple => 3, cherry => 2, banana => 1 };
+ generate_bar_graph($data);
+
+And would then generate something like this:
+
+ apple  | ############
+ cherry | ########
+ banana | ####
+
+If you fancy then please try this as well:
+(a) the function could let you specify whether the chart should be ordered by
+(1) the labels, or (2) the values.
+
+=cut
+
+
+# ====================== Simple Solution TASK 1 ==============================
+
+sub task1_simple {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my %sum;
+    open(my $fh,$file) or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+    my @items = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+    foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+    my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { print "$i\t$sum{$i}\n"; }
+}
+
+sub task1_one_liner {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    qx[ perl -lne '\$sum{\$_}++; END { foreach( sort { \$sum{\$b} <=> \$sum{\$a} } keys %sum ) { print "\$i\t\$sum{\$i}"; } }' $file ];
+}
+
+=head1 Solution Task #1:
+
+=head2 Simple solution
+
+In the first simple solution the content of the file is read into an array.
+Each string is made a hash key with increased value for every occurence.
+Than the hash key is sorted with the sort() function dependant on the value
+and each element is printed according to the sorted keys.
+
+Read Filename from Arg, open file and read content to array:
+
+ my $file = shift @ARGV or die "No file given!\n";
+ open(my $fh,"$file") or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+ my @items = <$fh>;
+ close $fh;
+
+Loop over all read items and create hash with item as key and value
+as number of occurence:
+
+ my %sum;
+ foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+
+Sort keys of hash according to values of hash with sort() function:
+
+ my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+
+Print each key/value of hash according to sorted keys array:
+
+ foreach my $i (@sorted) { print "$i\t$sum{$i}\n"; }
+
+The first simple solution for Task #1 is executed with the following command.
+
+ # ./pwc32.pl task1 example.txt
+ apple    3
+ cherry    2
+ banana    1
+
+=head2 As one-liner
+
+This whole thing, explained above, can be changed into an one-liner for the command line:
+
+ perl -lne '$sum{$_}++; END { foreach( sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum ) { print "$i\t$sum{$i}"; } }' example.txt
+
+The options C<-lne> are documented in C<perldoc perlrun>.
+
+=over 2
+
+=item * -l automatically chomps the input separator when used together with -n or -p. And adds the output separator to each print statement.
+
+=item * -n iterates with a loop over the content of the given file.
+
+=item * -e executes the following perl commands.
+
+=back
+
+=cut
+
+# ====================== Simple Solution TASK 1 ==============================
+
+sub task2_simple {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my %sum;
+    open(my $fh,$file) or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+    my @items = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+    foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+    my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i}); }
+}
+
+=head1 Solution Task #2: Simple solution
+
+The solution for Task #2 in one function is similar to the solution for
+Task #1. Only that the output is printing a bar.
+
+ printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i});
+
+The "x" Operator is used to print a number of "#" hash signs. For the output
+the printf() functions is used, because it allows to specify the length of
+each printed string.
+
+The whole function with reading file, calculating the sum, sorting the values
+and printing the sorted list is as follows:
+
+ sub task2_simple {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my %sum;
+    open(my $fh,$file) or die "Cant open $file!\n";
+    my @items = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+    foreach my $i (@items) { chomp $i; $sum{$i}++; }
+    my @sorted = sort { $sum{$b} <=> $sum{$a} } keys %sum;
+    foreach my $i (@sorted) { printf("%10s: %s\n", $i, "#" x $sum{$i}); }
+ }
+
+The Task #2 can be executed with the following command:
+
+ # ./pwc32.pl task2 example.txt
+     apple: ###
+    cherry: ##
+    banana: #
+
+=head1 Solution Task #1/#2: Different Input, Sorting, Output
+
+In our comprehensive solution we put together the different ways for
+input (STDIN and Files), sorting (unsorted, name or value) and output
+(list, csv, bar, percentage).
+
+All this needs a more comprehensive main program, that evaluates the
+options and calls the necessary functions according to the options.
+
+Some extracts from the main program:
+
+=over 3
+
+=item * Read first option, the command from argument array @ARGV.
+
+ my $command = shift @ARGV;    	# Read command
+
+=item * Read further options for sorting and output with module Getopt::Long.
+
+ my %opts = ( sort => "", list => 0, bar => 0, csv => 0 );
+ my $o = GetOptions ( # Read options
+    "sort=s" => \$opts{sort},
+    "list"   => \$opts{list},
+    "bar"    => \$opts{bar},
+    "csv"    => \$opts{csv},
+    "pct"    => \$opts{pct},
+ );
+ if(!$o) { usage(); die("Error in command line arguments.\n"); }
+
+=item * For command "simple", do either File input or STDIN input. Then call the
+functions to calculate the sum, sort the list and print to stdout. The functions
+are explained below in details.
+
+ if($command eq "simple") {     # Read from one or more Files
+    if( $ARGV[0] and -f $ARGV[0] ) {
+    	my $items = read_files();
+    	sum_up($items);			# Calculate Sum of items
+    	sorting($opts{sort});	# Sort items: name, value or unsorted
+    	output(\%opts);			# Output items: list, csv, bar, percentage
+    }
+    else {
+    	while(1) {						# Command line loop
+    		my $list = readstdin();		# Read from STDIN
+    		next if ! $list;
+    		sum_up($list);				# Calculate Sum of items
+    		sorting($opts{sort});		# Sort items: name, value or unsorted
+    		output(\%opts);				# Output items: list, csv, bar, percentage
+    	}
+    }
+ }
+
+=back
+
+=cut
+
+# ======================= Main Program ================================
+
+# ----------------- Global Vars -----------------