- Added template for Challenge 059.

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+Solutions by James Smith.
+
+# Challenge 1 - Counting letters
+
+There are two ways to solve this -> split and count or using tr... one is short code - one is longer - but much faster.
+
+## Version 1 - short code
+
+Uses lc, split and grep to count the elements and put them in a hash... looping through each file a line at a time with <>
+
+```perl
+use feature 'say';
+use strict;
+my %T = map { $_=>0 } foreach 'a'..'z';
+while(<>) {
+  $T{$_}++ foreach grep { /[a-z]/ } split m{}, lc $_;
+}
+
+say "$_: $T{$_}" foreach 'a'..'z';
+```
+
+Running this over 13Mbytes of PHP takes approximately 6.5 seconds...
+
+## Version 2 - faster code
+
+Now counting letters in a string is quickest using the tr or y operator - as this requires the number of characters
+changed. Without using eval you can't unfortunately sub in a variable into the pattern unlike with m/s... So we
+either need to use string eval (which is evIl) or manually replicate the loop - $T{'a'} =~ y/aA/aA/ etc - in this
+code... Note we set $/ to undef so that we slurp the whole file in in one go (to improve performance of using tr)
+and less modifications to the %T hash...
+
+```perl
+use feature 'say';
+$/=undef;
+
+while(<>) {
+  $T{'a'} += y/aA/aA/;
+  $T{'b'} += y/bB/bB/;
+..
+..
+  $T{'y'} += y/yY/yY/;
+  $T{'z'} += y/zZ/zZ/;
+}
+
+say $_,': ',$T{$_}||0 foreach 'a'..'z';
+
+```
+OK - so didn't want to type 26 lines so used this one liner to do it for me!
+
+```bash
+perl -E 'say "  \$t{'"'"'$_'"'"'} += y/$_".uc($_)."/$_".uc($_)."/;" foreach "a".."z";' 
+```
+
+This now runs in approxy 0.25 seconds a big improvement...
+
+## Version 3 - nicer output...
+
+The version 3 code just expands the version 2 code - but creates a "histogram" to show the distribution (and at the same time formats the totals better)
+
+```
+a : 584193 : ##########################
+b : 108267 : ####
+c : 287124 : #############
+d : 272798 : ############
+e : 877936 : ########################################
+f : 209371 : #########
+g : 152944 : ######
+h : 200641 : #########
+i : 546465 : ########################
+j :  15133 :
+k :  50049 : ##
+l : 326976 : ##############
+m : 214631 : #########
+n : 438874 : ###################
+o : 436059 : ###################
+p : 282120 : ############
+q :  19825 :
+r : 551144 : #########################
+s : 552344 : #########################
+t : 724711 : #################################
+u : 260233 : ###########
+v :  68882 : ###
+w :  80759 : ###
+x :  57019 : ##
+y : 115201 : #####
+z :  11021 :
+```
+
+# Challenge 2 - multiplication square...
+
+Again going to extend the challenge to make this generic (in case someone wants a different version)
+
+Hidden in the solution above was getting the number of digits for a number (so we can format the totals) - we do this again to get the size of the left hand column and the main table columns.
+
+```perl
+my $sl = int(log($N)/log(10)+1);     ## Get size of integer $N - defines the width of the LH column
+my $sr = int(2*log($N)/log(10)+1);   ## Get size of $N squared - defines the width of other columns
+```
+and we use this to tweak the formats and the padding/line drawing elements!
+```perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use feature 'say';
+
+## This solves more than the puzzle - but thought I would make it more generic!
+
+## This gets the size of the square that we want to display...
+
+my $N  = shift =~ s{\D}{}gr || 11;        ## Default to 11 - but use first parameter as size of square!
+my @R  = 1..$N;                           ## Create a "range array" - we use this 4 times!!!
+
+## Get width of columns for use in the renderer..
+
+my $sl = int( log($N) / log(10) + 1);     ## Get size of integer $N - defines the width of the LH column
+my $sr = int( 2 * log($N) / log(10) + 1); ## Get size of $N squared - defines the width of other columns
+my $fl = sprintf ' %%%dd |', $sl;         ## Create a template for the first column..
+my $fr = sprintf ' %%%dd', $sr;           ## .... and for the other columns!
+
+## Finally we render - make a use of sprintf with the templates and '$' x $ to generate padding
+
+say ' ' x $sl, 'x |',                                               ## Header (LH side)
+    map          { sprintf $fr, $_ }                            @R; ##        (column headers)
+say join '-', '-' x $sl, '-+',                                      ## Separator (LH side)
+    map          { '-' x $sr }                                  @R; ##           (RH side)
+say sprintf( $fl, $a=$_ ),                                          ## Body of table (LH headers)
+    map          { $a>$_ ? ' ' x ($sr+1) : sprintf $fr, $a*$_ } @R  ##               (content of row)
+    foreach                                                     @R;
+```