Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

71 files changed, 2487 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/blog.txt b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/blog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2058e9e780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/blog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+https://raku-musings.com/gray-swapping.html
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/node/ch-2.js b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/node/ch-2.js
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c3e831c06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/node/ch-2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env node
+
+var N = process.argv[2] || 3;
+
+var verbose = false;
+
+if (N == '--verbose') 
+{
+  verbose = true;
+  N = process.argv[3] || 3;
+}
+
+let die = (message) => {
+    console.log(message);
+    process.kill(process.pid);
+};
+
+var NN = parseInt(N);
+
+if (NN != N || NN < 2 || NN > 5)
+    die('N: Integer 2,3,4,5 only');
+
+var sequence = [0,1,3,2];
+
+let asBinary = (value, length) => {
+  var binary =  value.toString(2);
+
+  while (binary.length < length)
+    binary = "0" + binary;
+
+  return binary;
+}
+
+let generate2bgcs = (array, level) => {
+  var S1a = array.map(x => asBinary(x,level-1) );
+  var S2a = S1a.slice(); S2a.reverse();
+  var S1  = S1a.map(x => '0' + x);
+  var S2  = S2a.map(x => '1' + x);
+  var S3  = S1; for (x of S2) { S3.push(x); }
+  var out = S3.map( x => parseInt(x, 2) );
+  
+  if (verbose)
+  {
+    console.log(': in: ' + array);
+    console.log(': a) S1 = ' + S1a);
+    console.log(': b) S2 = ' + S2a);
+    console.log(': c) S1 = ' + S1);
+    console.log(': d) S2 = ' + S2);
+    console.log(': e) S3 = ' + S3);
+    console.log(': out: ' + out);
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+for (level = 3; level <= NN; level++)
+{
+  sequence = generate2bgcs(sequence, level);
+}
+
+console.log(sequence);
+
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/node/gray-code-seq-node b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/node/gray-code-seq-node
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c3e831c06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/node/gray-code-seq-node
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env node
+
+var N = process.argv[2] || 3;
+
+var verbose = false;
+
+if (N == '--verbose') 
+{
+  verbose = true;
+  N = process.argv[3] || 3;
+}
+
+let die = (message) => {
+    console.log(message);
+    process.kill(process.pid);
+};
+
+var NN = parseInt(N);
+
+if (NN != N || NN < 2 || NN > 5)
+    die('N: Integer 2,3,4,5 only');
+
+var sequence = [0,1,3,2];
+
+let asBinary = (value, length) => {
+  var binary =  value.toString(2);
+
+  while (binary.length < length)
+    binary = "0" + binary;
+
+  return binary;
+}
+
+let generate2bgcs = (array, level) => {
+  var S1a = array.map(x => asBinary(x,level-1) );
+  var S2a = S1a.slice(); S2a.reverse();
+  var S1  = S1a.map(x => '0' + x);
+  var S2  = S2a.map(x => '1' + x);
+  var S3  = S1; for (x of S2) { S3.push(x); }
+  var out = S3.map( x => parseInt(x, 2) );
+  
+  if (verbose)
+  {
+    console.log(': in: ' + array);
+    console.log(': a) S1 = ' + S1a);
+    console.log(': b) S2 = ' + S2a);
+    console.log(': c) S1 = ' + S1);
+    console.log(': d) S2 = ' + S2);
+    console.log(': e) S3 = ' + S3);
+    console.log(': out: ' + out);
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+for (level = 3; level <= NN; level++)
+{
+  sequence = generate2bgcs(sequence, level);
+}
+
+console.log(sequence);
+
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/ch-1.pl b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/ch-1.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b28433a0d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/ch-1.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use feature 'say';
+
+my $verbose = 0;
+
+if (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq "--verbose")
+{
+  $verbose = 1;
+  shift(@ARGV);
+}
+
+my $S = shift(@ARGV) // 'perlandraku';
+my $N = length $S;
+my $O = shift(@ARGV) // 4;
+my $C = shift(@ARGV) // 3;
+
+die '$O: Integer >= 1 only'  unless int $O == $O;
+die '$C: Integer >= 1 only'  unless int $C == $C;
+die '$C: Must be < $O'       unless $C < $O;
+die '$C + $O: Must be <= $N' unless $C + $O <= $N;
+
+for my $index (1 .. $C)
+{
+  say "swap $index: " . substr($S, $index, 1) . " <-> " . substr($S, $index + $O, 1) . " == $S" if $verbose;
+
+  (substr($S, $index,1), substr($S, $index + $O,1) ) =
+  (substr($S, $index + $O, 1), substr($S, $index, 1));
+}
+
+say $S;
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/ch-2.pl b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/ch-2.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..62ed872faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/ch-2.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use feature 'say';
+use feature 'signatures';
+no warnings 'experimental::signatures';
+
+my $verbose = 0;
+
+if (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq "--verbose")
+{
+  $verbose = 1;
+  shift(@ARGV);
+}
+
+my $N = shift(@ARGV) // 3;
+
+die '$N out of range (2..5)' unless 2 <= $N && $N <=5;
+
+my @sequence = (0,1,3,2);
+
+for my $level (3 .. $N)
+{
+  @sequence = generate2bgcs($level, $verbose, @sequence);
+}
+
+say "[" . join(", ", @sequence) . "]";
+
+sub generate2bgcs ($level, $verbose, @in)
+{
+  my @S1a = map { sprintf('%0' . ($level-1)  . 'b', $_) } @in;
+  my @S2a = reverse @S1a;
+  my @S1  = map { "0$_" } @S1a;
+  my @S2  = map { "1$_" } @S2a;
+  my @S3  = (@S1, @S2); 
+  my @out = map { oct("0b$_") } @S3;
+  
+  if ($verbose)
+  {
+    say ": a) S1 = [" . join(", ", @S1a) ."]";
+    say ": b) S2 = [" . join(", ", @S2a) ."]";
+    say ": c) S1 = [" . join(", ", @S1)  ."]";
+    say ": b) S2 = [" . join(", ", @S2)  ."]";
+    say ": e) S3 = [" . join(", ", @S3)  ."]";
+    say ": \$N=$level  = [" . join(", ", @out) . "]";
+  }
+  return @out;
+}
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/charswap-perl b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/charswap-perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b28433a0d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/charswap-perl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use feature 'say';
+
+my $verbose = 0;
+
+if (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq "--verbose")
+{
+  $verbose = 1;
+  shift(@ARGV);
+}
+
+my $S = shift(@ARGV) // 'perlandraku';
+my $N = length $S;
+my $O = shift(@ARGV) // 4;
+my $C = shift(@ARGV) // 3;
+
+die '$O: Integer >= 1 only'  unless int $O == $O;
+die '$C: Integer >= 1 only'  unless int $C == $C;
+die '$C: Must be < $O'       unless $C < $O;
+die '$C + $O: Must be <= $N' unless $C + $O <= $N;
+
+for my $index (1 .. $C)
+{
+  say "swap $index: " . substr($S, $index, 1) . " <-> " . substr($S, $index + $O, 1) . " == $S" if $verbose;
+
+  (substr($S, $index,1), substr($S, $index + $O,1) ) =
+  (substr($S, $index + $O, 1), substr($S, $index, 1));
+}
+
+say $S;
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/gray-code-seq-perl b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/gray-code-seq-perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..62ed872faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/perl/gray-code-seq-perl
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use feature 'say';
+use feature 'signatures';
+no warnings 'experimental::signatures';
+
+my $verbose = 0;
+
+if (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq "--verbose")
+{
+  $verbose = 1;
+  shift(@ARGV);
+}
+
+my $N = shift(@ARGV) // 3;
+
+die '$N out of range (2..5)' unless 2 <= $N && $N <=5;
+
+my @sequence = (0,1,3,2);
+
+for my $level (3 .. $N)
+{
+  @sequence = generate2bgcs($level, $verbose, @sequence);
+}
+
+say "[" . join(", ", @sequence) . "]";
+
+sub generate2bgcs ($level, $verbose, @in)
+{
+  my @S1a = map { sprintf('%0' . ($level-1)  . 'b', $_) } @in;
+  my @S2a = reverse @S1a;
+  my @S1  = map { "0$_" } @S1a;
+  my @S2  = map { "1$_" } @S2a;
+  my @S3  = (@S1, @S2); 
+  my @out = map { oct("0b$_") } @S3;
+  
+  if ($verbose)
+  {
+    say ": a) S1 = [" . join(", ", @S1a) ."]";
+    say ": b) S2 = [" . join(", ", @S2a) ."]";
+    say ": c) S1 = [" . join(", ", @S1)  ."]";
+    say ": b) S2 = [" . join(", ", @S2)  ."]";
+    say ": e) S3 = [" . join(", ", @S3)  ."]";
+    say ": \$N=$level  = [" . join(", ", @out) . "]";
+  }
+  return @out;
+}
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/ch-1.raku b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/ch-1.raku
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..459d0da9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/ch-1.raku
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env raku
+
+subset PosInt of Int where * >= 1;
+
+unit sub MAIN (:$S is copy = 'perlandraku',
+               PosInt :$O = 4,
+	       PosInt :$C where $C < $O && $C + $O <= $S.chars = 3,
+	       :$v, :$verbose = $v);
+
+for 1 .. $C -> $index
+{
+  say "swap $index: { $S.substr($index, 1) } <-> { $S.substr($index + $O, 1) } == $S" if $verbose;
+
+  ($S.substr-rw($index,1), $S.substr-rw($index + $O,1) ) =
+  ($S.substr($index + $O, 1), $S.substr($index, 1));
+}
+
+say $S;
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/ch-2.raku b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/ch-2.raku
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..24b72afae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/ch-2.raku
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env raku
+
+unit sub MAIN (Int $N where 2 <= $N <=5 = 3,
+   	       :$v, :$verbose = $v);
+
+my @sequence = (0,1,3,2);
+
+for 3 .. $N -> $level
+{
+  @sequence = generate2bgcs(@sequence, $level, $verbose);
+}
+
+say "[{ @sequence.join(", ") }]";
+
+sub generate2bgcs (@in, $level, $verbose)
+{
+  my @S1a = @in.map({ .fmt('%0' ~ ($level-1)  ~ 'b')  });
+  my @S2a = @S1a.reverse;
+  my @S1  = @S1a.map({ "0$_" });
+  my @S2  = @S2a.map({ "1$_" });
+  my @S3  = (@S1, @S2).flat;
+  my @out = @S3.map( *.parse-base(2) );
+  
+  if $verbose
+  {
+    say ": a) S1 = [{ @S1a.join(", ")  }]";
+    say ": b) S2 = [{ @S2a.join(", ")  }]";
+    say ": c) S1 = [{ @S1.join(", ")   }]";
+    say ": b) S2 = [{ @S2.join(", ")   }]";
+    say ": e) S3 = [{ @S3.join(", ")   }]";
+    say ": \$N=$level  = [{ @out.join(", ")   }]";
+  }
+  return @out;
+}
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..459d0da9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env raku
+
+subset PosInt of Int where * >= 1;
+
+unit sub MAIN (:$S is copy = 'perlandraku',
+               PosInt :$O = 4,
+	       PosInt :$C where $C < $O && $C + $O <= $S.chars = 3,
+	       :$v, :$verbose = $v);
+
+for 1 .. $C -> $index
+{
+  say "swap $index: { $S.substr($index, 1) } <-> { $S.substr($index + $O, 1) } == $S" if $verbose;
+
+  ($S.substr-rw($index,1), $S.substr-rw($index + $O,1) ) =
+  ($S.substr($index + $O, 1), $S.substr($index, 1));
+}
+
+say $S;
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-mod b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-mod
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..05f090bcae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-mod
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env raku
+
+subset PosInt of Int where * >= 1;
+
+unit sub MAIN (:$S = 'perlandraku',
+               PosInt :$O = 4,
+	       PosInt :$C where $C < $O && $C + $O <= $S.chars = 3,
+	       :$v, :$verbose = $v);
+
+my @S = $S.comb;
+my $N = $S.chars;
+
+for 1 .. $C -> $index
+{
+  say "swap $index: { @S[$index % $N] } <-> { @S[ ($index + $O) % $N ] } == { @S.join }" if $verbose;
+  
+  swap(@S[$index % $N], @S[ ($index + $O) % $N ]);
+}
+
+say @S.join;
+
+sub swap ($a is rw, $b is rw)
+{
+  ($a, $b) = ($b, $a);
+}
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-node b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-node
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f7768133fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-node
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env node
+
+var S = process.argv[2] || 'perlandraku';
+var N = S.length;
+var O = process.argv[3] || 4;
+var C = process.argv[4] || 3;
+
+let die = (message) => {
+    console.log(message);
+    process.kill(process.pid);
+};
+
+var OO = parseInt(O);
+
+if (OO != O || O < 1)
+    die('O: Integer >= 1 only');
+
+var CC = parseInt(C);
+
+if (CC != C || C < 1)
+    die('C: Integer >= 1 only');
+
+if (C >= O)
+    die('C: Must be < O');
+
+if (CC + OO > N)
+    die('C + O: Must be <= N');
+
+for (index = 1; index <= CC; index++)
+{
+    S = S.slice(0, index)
+	+ S.charAt(index + OO)
+	+ S.slice(index +1, index + OO)
+	+ S.charAt(index)
+	+ S.slice(index + OO +1);
+}
+
+console.log(S);
diff --git a/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-sans-mod b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-sans-mod
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..899fe610bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenge-070/arne-sommer/raku/charswap-sans-mod
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env raku
+
+subset PosInt of Int where * >= 1;
+
+unit sub MAIN (:$S = 'perlandraku',
+               PosInt :$O = 4,
+	       PosInt :$C where $C < $O && $C + $O <= $S.chars = 3,
+	       :$v, :$verbose = $v);
+
+my @S = $S.comb;
+
+for 1 .. $C