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+/*
+Challenge 098
+
+TASK #2 › Search Insert Position
+Submitted by: Mohammad S Anwar
+You are given a sorted array of distinct integers @N and a target $N.
+
+Write a script to return the index of the given target if found
+otherwise place the target in the sorted array and return the index.
+
+Example 1:
+Input: @N = (1, 2, 3, 4) and $N = 3
+Output: 2 since the target 3 is in the array at the index 2.
+Example 2:
+Input: @N = (1, 3, 5, 7) and $N = 6
+Output: 3 since the target 6 is missing and should be placed at
+the index 3.
+Example 3:
+Input: @N = (12, 14, 16, 18) and $N = 10
+Output: 0 since the target 10 is missing and should be placed at
+the index 0.
+Example 4:
+Input: @N = (11, 13, 15, 17) and $N = 19
+Output: 4 since the target 19 is missing and should be placed at
+the index 4.
+*/
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+int search_index(std::vector<int>& nums, int n) {
+    auto it = std::lower_bound(nums.begin(), nums.end(), n);
+    if (it == nums.end()) {             // not found
+        nums.push_back(n);
+        return nums.size() - 1;
+    }
+    else if (*it != n) {                // found an higher value
+        int index = std::distance(nums.begin(), it);    // insert may move memory
+        nums.insert(it, n);
+        return index;
+    }
+    else {                              // found value
+        return std::distance(nums.begin(), it);
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        std::cerr << "Usage: ch-2 N n0 n1 n2..." << std::endl;
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int> nums;
+    int n = atoi(argv[1]);
+    for (int i = 2; i < argc; i++)
+        nums.push_back(atoi(argv[i]));
+
+    int pos = search_index(nums, n);
+
+    std::cout << pos << std::endl;
+
+    const char* sep = "(";
+    for (auto& i : nums) {
+        std::cout << sep << i;
+        sep = ", ";
+    }
+    std::cout << ")" << std::endl;
+}